Study On Runoff Economic Effect For Central City Based On The Theory Of Regional Spacial Structure

Based on definition of conceptions related to runoff economy and reviews on the theory of regional spatial structure and the theory of runoff economy, from the standpoints of runoff economy and elements runoff, the relations between region spatial structure and the runoff economy, and the structural system, the operational mechanism, the structural elements and the influential factors of their runoff of the runoff economy, and then the runoff economic effects and the possibility of the economic growth in the underdeveloped regions through the runoff economy are expounded in this thesis. By quantitatively analyzing the regional background conditions and platform conditions of the runoff economic development its developmental environment and the subjects and carriers of Xining City, the regional central city of Tibet Plateau, this thesis holds the advantages and disadvantages of the runoff economic development in Xining City quite accurately, analyzes quantitatively the accumulative effect and multiplication effect leaded by the runoff economic effect in Xining City based on the choice of representative indices, evaluates the gap of the development level of runoff economy between Xining City and the city with higher level( Beijing) and the city nearby(Lanzhou City) providing the cognitive base to develop runoff economy in Xining City, which can promote the local region development; and then puts forward some policy recommendations to develop the runoff economy in Xining City, meanwhile provides the references to other central cities in the underdeveloped regions to develop the runoff economy.Firstly,this thesis defines the basic concept of runoff economy and points out that runoff economy is an economic mode applicable to the development of regional central city. This mode indicates mainly that the regional central city attracts resource elements out of the region, such as the materials, capitals, talents, technology and information and so on to gather into it, due to its platform and conditions, and the relative industries are promoted through the recombination and integration of kinds of the resources, then the economic energy formed and enlarged radiates the surrounding areas and even the further areas. During the gathering and radiating, the values of kinds of resource elements obtain growth by efficient orderly and normative runoff, and then their scales enlarge through multiplication, recirculation and radiation, thus the goal of common development leaded by central city promoting surrounding areas is achieved.This thesis presents the structural system of the runoff economy theory and argues that it is consisted of runoff economic elements and the subjects, the carriers, the development platform and environment of runoff economy. The elements of runoff economy are the mobile elements that effect regional economic development, mainly including the materials, the capitals, the talents, the information, the technology and the development elements that are related to development process of the regional economy closely and are current in space. The subjects of runoff economy refer to the flows of materials, talents, information capitals, technology and their runoffs, and the basic conditions relative to them closely. The carriers of runoff economy refer to all of the enterprises, organizations and individuals involved in the distribution of economic elements. The platforms of economic development refer to the facilities, locations and market system and so on that can attract the carrier institutions to participate in and are needed by the institutions to operate the resource elements, thus become most the important supports to the operation and development of runoff economy. In terms of function, the platforms are classified into three groups: the basic platforms, operational platforms and service platforms. The basic platforms refers to the transportation and communication facilities, the locations that adapt to handle official business and to dwell in, and their supporting facilities. The operational platforms refer to the production elements market system, including the markets of commodity, capitals, futures, technology and talents. The service platforms refer to the market intermediary organization system, including accounting firms, law offices, assets evaluation firms and consultant agencies for firms and so on. The development environment of the runoff economy refers to the environmental conditions in terms of the social, political economic aspects that are needed by the development of the runoff economy.This thesis presents the operational mechanism of runoff economy and argues that the potential difference of elements between regions is the premise of the elements flow, that the benefit balances of elements between regions is the basic force of elements flow, that the is the necessary requirement of the element movement, the complementarity the propellant, the government regulation the significant guarantee for orderly movement of elements. In addition, he disturbing factors exert effects on the flowing pathway of the elements.All factors that influence the development of runoff economy are analyzed generally in this thesis. The results indicate that the movement of population and labors are driven by the welfare; that of material element by profits; that of capital element by investment income; that of information element by demands; that of technical element by science and demands.Based on the theory of regional spatial structure, the runoff economic effect is analyzed generally in this thesis. The results suggest the accumulative effect, the diffusing effect, the integrating effect and the multiplicative effect are the main effects in development of runoff economy. Accumulation and diffusion are two basic forms in which the elements of runoff economy move around the regional central city and lead to the accumulative effect and then the diffusing effect which comes out only when the accumulative effect develops to some degree. The causes and the mechanism of accumulation and diffusion are analyzed in brief and the integrative effect that come out in the process of element accumulating into the central city, and its influence on the economic development of the central city( namely the multiplicative effects) are discussed in this thesis too.The possible approaches through which the runoff economy promotes the economic development of the underdeveloped region are discussed, and argue that the economic industries with local features should be developed in the underdeveloped regions based on the regional comparative advantages. Meanwhile, through the regional economic policy the central government should help the underdeveloped regions perfect their facilities, and try to raise their factors earnings and the treatments to the talents, and build the development platform and environment of runoff economy to promote their economic development.In order to verify the analytical framework of the runoff economic theory, taking Xining City -the regional central city of Tibet Plateau-for an example, this thesis seeks to show the feasibility to develop runoff economy and the mode in the underdeveloped regions through empirical research, to present an case for the key regions developed in West Development, specially for the underdeveloped regions to develop runoff economy, and provide some lessons to other domestic homogeneous regions to choose development pathway of runoff economy.This thesis chooses and evaluates quantitatively the representative index of regional natural conditions and regional factor earnings and the platform and environment for Xining City to develop runoff economy, such as staff average wages, urban per capital income, profits of enterprise and fiscal revenue of government, and argues that Qinghai province lies on the lagging position in our country in many ways such as factor earnings, development platform and so on, which constraints the development of runoff economy of Xining City to some extent. However, Xining City has the comparative advantages in Qinghai even in Tibet Plateau in terms of the conditions for runoff economy. So based on the relative advantage and comparative advantages, it is feasible to develop runoff economy in Xining City.This thesis briefly analyzes the runoff economic effect of Xining City and quantitatively evaluates its development level. Using Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis and choosing the representative index (e.g. per capital GDP) from the regional micro-background standpoint, this thesis diagnoses generally the accumulative effect and the diffusing effect in the economic development of Xining City. The results indicate that the accumulative effect come to emerge, but the diffusing effect is not obvious. Then, this thesis further quantitatively analyzes the accumulative degree of factors and establishes the mathematical model of elements accumulation and regional economic growth. The analysis of the development level of runoff economy of Xining City indicates the development level of runoff economy of Xining City is relatively low and there is tremendous gap between Xining City and the cities with higher level (e.g. Beingjing City) and ones nearby (e.g. Lanzhou City),and the platform and environment for Xining City to develop runoff economy are imperfect, the market underdeveloped and the carriers feeble. The scale of runoff economy of Xining City is small and with low level.Taking the data of railway passenger and cargo runoffs for example, this thesis discusses the connections between Xinning City and main cites surrounding it generating through factors and their flow. The results suggest that the city which is connected to Xining City most closely through passenger flow is Lanzhou City, but the cargo flow is relatively dispersive, which reflects the complementarity and connections between regions in terms of resources and products. These conclusions confirm corresponding ones of the theory of runoff economy.At last, aiming at the problems and bottlenecks of the development of runoff economy in Xining City, this thesis suggests that the market system should be fostered actively, the platform and environment for Xining City to develop runoff economy should be enhanced, talents should be attracted, the subjects should be established, the carriers of runoff economy should be perfected, and the development stratagem of the platform of the runoff economy should be developed.