A Study On Dynamic Mechanism Of Innovation Clusters' Development

Absolute competition advantage, instead of comparative competition advantages, has been the key factor in regional economic competition, as the progress of globalization. Innovative cluster is crisis for national innovative system which is important for a nation's core competitiveness. Fostering innovation cluster therefore is significant for regional development. What is the impetus for development of innovation cluster? Where to get it and how does it work? Answering these questions will be helpful to foster innovation cluster, which is the theme of this study. Based on previous research, this paper applies new methods to study the theme, which adopts logical deduction and case study, analyzes from phenomenon.This paper indicates that market competition guided by technical innovation is the impetus for innovation cluster. Innovation cluster can be deconstructed as the coupling result of "industrial geographic cluster", "concentration of seller's market", and "technical innovation agglomeration". In theoretic history, "Marshall Dilemma", "Smith Dilemma" and "Schumpeter Paradox", these classical theories had discussed the interrelationship between two of these three agglomerations (or concentrations). This paper extends research fields to the rule of three agglomerations (or concentrations). Three kinds of agglomerations could change conditions that technical innovation requires, and that has impact on evolvement of innovation cluster. Thus, impetus for innovation cluster development could be controlled by adjusting coupling level of agglomerations. Innovation cluster shows multiformity, opening, non-linearity, teeming and self-organization, its dynamic mechanism is a CAS based on module and hierarchy. To be specific, basic module includes generation mechanism, transfer mechanism, operation mechanism and assistant mechanism (response, facilitate and safeguard mechanism), which affects power source and motivation, original power, motivity and applied motivity respectively. Innovation cluster can be divided into three levels: organization, industry and region, according to the amount of productive factors and the scale of carrier that it can organize.Multiple members of innovation cluster lead to diverse motivation for technical innovation from microcosmic view, which needs to be conformed so that shape an effective collection action. On organizational hierarchy, dynamic mechanism of innovation cluster aimed to solve this. Motivation conformity is realized by transmitting, variance and option. Firm size, market performance and market concentration affect input capacity of technical innovation and market competition pressure, but the result shows much different in various industries. Technical innovation is a method of pursuing market benefit rather than an aim, market strategy is the basic behavioral logic for enterprise to adopt technique innovation.This paper explores impetus source for innovation cluster based on historical perspective, indicates that industrialization, informatization and potential energy differences are preconditions for innovation cluster. Analysis on interactive between cost changing of innovation cluster agglomeration and agglomeration coupling shows no evidence to support that higher agglomeration accelerates innovation cluster. Unbalanced structure and improper adjusting are incline to cause many problems such as insufficient industry geographic agglomeration, insufficient technique innovation convergence, insufficient market concentration, surfeit industry geographic agglomeration, and surfeit market concentration, which blocks development of innovation cluster.Systematic input factor of innovation cluster relies on national innovation system, as it is the sub-system of national innovation system. Innovation cluster is a simplified national innovation system, whose function needs to meet that of national innovation system. Here requires differentiations and matching channels, the former includes objective and aim, the later is isomorphic framework. Docking innovation cluster and national innovation system makes dynamic mechanism of innovation cluster an opening system by which systematic input changed into impetus for innovation cluster. Technical innovation is a "creative destroy-process" which is one of critical factor for development of innovation cluster. Equilibrium changing between "create" and "destroy" brings different agglomeration which reflected on time series, and therefore influences agglomerate ratio. Equilibrium variation has two models: creativity is stronger than resistance; and resistance is firmer than creativity. Theoretically, there are ten transmit methods according to agglomeration conformation by time sequence.Based on impetus and dynamic mechanism, this paper puts forward five recommendations to foster innovation cluster: (a) fostering innovation cluster shall be important composition of national innovation policy; (b) to clarify policy orientation and optimize policy tool; (c) to adopt industrial policy and competition policy together, based on developing country's specific historical stage of industrialization and informatization; (d) policy for fostering innovation cluster shall differ from that of industrial cluster, especially shall enhance policy pertinence; (d)to improve agglomerate ratio and perfect coupling structure.