| After joining the WTO, China's oil is facing grim situation:the continued growth of domestic demand, slow growth in domestic production, oil is to become China's major importing agricultural product, the domestic oil industry will be impacted broadly, while the cultivated area of oil crops in China about 4 million mu, oil industry is directly related to the more than 400 million employment and income of farmers in recent years, the impact of the international market, mainly the domestic market of oil prices are low, the direct impact on the cultivation of China's oil income of farmers. Enhance the competitiveness of China's oil on the agricultural development strategy of China's agenda.China's agriculture in order to optimize the allocation of resources and improve the competitiveness of China's oil, learn from the advanced experience of developed countries, our government based on the principle of comparative advantage in 2002, prepared in 2007 for 2003-2007,2008-2015 year "the advantages of agricultural products regional planning ", with a view to enabling the production of oil crops to produce the most appropriate regional focus to enhance the efficiency of resource allocation. According to economic theory, economic conditions in the market, the market mechanism will be driven by regional comparative advantage in agriculture in accordance with the principle of adjustment of farming so that the effective allocation of resources, the net result is different regional specialization of agricultural production, thereby optimizing the layout of existing regional research make more use of comparative advantages as a starting point through the correlation method to calculate the comparative advantages of each region, and the corresponding planning. Market-oriented reforms, China's increasing openness of agriculture, farmers expanded the autonomy of business, agriculture, constantly improve the efficiency of resource allocation, ongoing adjustment of agricultural structure, while the market mechanism continue to play a role in the elimination of obstacles, according to common sense, this is bound to led to the comparative advantage of agriculture in accordance with the trend of regional division of labor, but recent studies (Chang,2002;ye, 2004; Kang Xia,2005) have found that China's agricultural production and regional comparative advantages from the existence of the phenomenon of regional specialization. We can not help but be in accordance with the principle of comparative advantage effect of Agricultural Regional Planning doubt. To deregulation, for the purpose of reducing the market distortions of the market-oriented reforms can be carried out nearly 30 years, China's agriculture is not only the regional distribution of the Board but did not follow the principle of comparative advantage rather than specialization emerged from the phenomenon, which is worth thinking about.In this study, cultivation of oil crops in China will be the regional distribution and regional division of labor as the research object, the main decision-making from micro-, macro-economic perspective of the environment, drawing on neo-classical economics, new economic geography, as well as the relevance of new classical economics theory to build China's agricultural division of the layout analysis framework and regional study, with a view to the future policy-making theory to explore and provide a new perspective.In order to achieve these objectives of this study was done the following work and draw the appropriate conclusion:1. Through the area, the relative specialization index measured in various provinces of China's oil indicator of regional specialization. The study found that reform and opening up, the main soybean-producing areas of the Northeast more stable status, Henan, Shandong, Guangxi became the main soybean-producing areas, but the restructuring was in Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei alternative. Peanut production is more concentrated in Guangdong, Shandong, Guangxi, Fujian and Hebei provinces the size of the peanut production has remained stable, Henan, Hainan scale cultivation areas has grown to become the main peanut-producing areas emerging. Rapeseed have to focus on trends in the Yangtze River Basin, Sichuan, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei Province, has been professional level higher than the national average, and also continue to focus on the trend, traditional rapeseed production in main producing areas in Xinjiang are gradually shrinking, and ultimately from the main producing areas in the ranks. The whole process of agricultural restructuring, China's main oil-producing areas constantly change, there is a provincial regional distribution of the phenomenon of diminishing supply.2. Draw on previous research, this study analyzed the use of VAR model of the micro-cultivation of oil crops in various regions of the influencing factors in decision-making as well as the response of the sensitivity of price information. The results showed that:the market-oriented reforms, the farmers can be more price-sensitive information according to the market to adjust planting decisions, but also are subject to risks, yields and other factors. Since the farmers for production in accordance with the decision-making of comparative advantage, and that market-oriented reforms in the deepening of the market continued to correct distortions in the process of comparative advantage and the regional division of labor issues from the perspective of the need to add a new explanation.3. Based on the theory of comparative advantage, factor endowment theory, new economic geography and location of the related theoretical justifications, the use of space on the panel data model of the oil production areas in China with the regional division of the layout of the empirical analysis of influencing factors, results show that, including the local market the scale of transport infrastructure including the location factors on the division of China's oil region significantly affect the light of Davis and Weinstein (1996) theoretical framework, inter-regional transaction costs are too high may be the cause of China's "division of labor and comparative advantages of regional deviations from" one of the reasons. In addition, the representatives of technological progress, improving the efficiency of the total factor productivity of the regional division of labor does not significantly impact on the regional specialization of China's "self-strengthening" the path not to rely on the formation of endogenous comparative advantage is not strong.4. Stochastic frontier function is estimated using the regional degree of specialization on the local impact of the technical efficiency of oil-bearing crops, found that the degree of regional specialization of the technical efficiency of different oil crops are affected differently, for soybean, peanut technical efficiency of a significant positive impact technical efficiency of cotton did not significantly impact on the technical efficiency of rapeseed produce a significant negative impact. According to the technical efficiency of regional specialization and simultaneous cross-list analysis, we found that a higher degree of specialization in areas of technical efficiency may not be higher than the lower degree of specialization, the main producing areas in the technical efficiency does not show more than more non-main producing areas of superiority. Combination of the previous chapter TFP regional specialization of agriculture does not significantly affect the conclusions, we can see that technological progress, efficiency and regional specialization, and there is no cycle between the accumulation of endogenous self-reinforcing mechanism.
|
PDF Full Text Request