A Study On Impact Of Human Capital Distribution On Knowledge-intensive Business Service Trade

From the perspective of human capital, particularly from the distribution of human capital, research on trade theory becomes a new field. Highly knowledge-oriented and highly innovativeness of knowledge-intensive business service industry make it to be closely related with a country's human capital.Recent study finds that the country with a more diverse distribution of human capital has comparative advantage in products and services that requires submodularity production technology (substitutablity technology). The country with a more diverse population exports products of relative importance of individual ability, and the country with relatively homogeneous labor exports products that require highly complementary technology. Combined with imperfect labor contracts in international trade, research indicates that differences in career choice motives produce comparative advantage and bring trade opportunities:the country with more diversified human capital distribution exports products with outstanding personal contribution and non-co-production, such as software products, imports products with co-production, such as automobiles.This dissertation defines the concept, classification and characteristics of knowledge-intensive business services. Through the features of production and characteristics of high innovation, knowledge-intensive business service is a production activity of submodule technology. The high degree of industry innovation and submodularity characteristics requires innovative human capital greatly.Based on theory research between human capital distribution and international trade, this article makes empirical study of international trade patterns and China's distribution of human capital. China's trade structure and Trade Competitive Power Index of knowledge-intensive business services show that the overall trade of knowledge-intensive business services trade in China is less competitive, and Trade Competitive Power Index of computer and information service increases fluctuantly. Cointegration test results show that indicator of the Chinese population proportion beyond college education level has a significant positive impact on the actual export of KIBS. Granger causality test results prove that the time lag of two years, the rise of diversification of China's human capital distribution benefits expansion of export scale and export growth of KIBS. The conclusion is consistent with theoretical expectations.As a country with highly developed knowledge-intensive business services trade, knowledge-intensive services exports have become the mainstay of trade in services exports of the United States of America. The items developing faster among knowledge-intensive business services trade include financial services, computer and information services, other business services, royalties and licence fees services. Through JJ cointegration test, this article test cointegration relationship between actual KIBS exports and the U.S. recipients of Master Degree and Doctorate in the proportion of the total population and the U.S. real R & D, which are the two indexes of human capital distribution diversification. Test results show that the two indicators have a significant positive impact on KIBS exports. And Granger causality test proves that the time lag 3 years, R&D is beneficial for the raise of high-level, high-educated people share, and R&D can promote expansion of KIBS exports. KIBS exports expansion of scale and growth induced by the diversification of human capital distribution is a long-term impact mechanism.A comparative study on the human capital distribution of the two countries finds that diversity of the U.S. distribution of human capital is higher than China's, and it's the main reason why knowledge-intensive business service trade developes rapidly in the U.S..This dissertation compares the impact of human capital distribution of the two countries on KIBS exports and KIBS trade competition, and analyses the reasons of diversity of human capital distribution of U.S. by human capital theory. Drawing on American experience, this dissertation comes to implications of China's human capital policies to the development of knowledge-intensive trade service trade.