| In 1986, Ulrich Beck ,a German sociologist ,published a book named risk society, which clearly brought forward the word risk society and approximately constructed the theoretical frame of risk society. It aroused resonance of a lot of scholars and later some of them joined the research team. Now there are some schools of risk theory, such as the risk society theory represented by Beck and Giddens, the risk culture theory by Dauglas and Lash, the risk psychology theory by Slovic and Renn, and the risk self-organization theory by Luman. Although there exists viewpoint divergence in these theories, their common rationale is the opinion that risk has already substituted wealth becoming the centre of the society and the society is a risk society indeed, and that globalization and the development of technology has aggravated the risk society nowadays. These scholars research the relation between technology and risk from different visual angles. Therefore, it is of theoretical and practical significance to collect these viewpoints and refine them from the angle of philosophy of science and technology. It helps analyse current technology risk and seek the countermeasures avoiding the present technology risk all round.The logical structure of thesis is arranged as follows: at first the technological reason is analyzed from the angle of risk society. Then the objective formation and subjective construction of modern technology risk is analyzed, laying the foundation for the research on technological risk avoiding. Continuingly the connotation, target, principle and difficult position of technological risk avoiding are studied briefly. The practical path of technology risk avoiding is studied and the integrated mechanism of these approaches is emphasized. At last, the path of risk avoiding with Chinese Characteristics is put forward. The main viewpoint is as follows:1. Risk society includes multiple meaning and intention. At first, it implies that the risk level is improved and that there are new risk type, manifestation and nature. Secondly it refers that the cognition to risk has been especially sensitive, public consciousness has improved. And it indicates that people have increased risk consciousness today and pay their attention to the future apart from nowadays, no longer like the past when they were indifferent to unknown risk. Thirdly, it refers to a risk thinking tendency and risk analyzing method and there exists a risk turn of sociology analysis. The notion of risk society does not mean the new stage of society development after the industrial society but means that the people begin to scan and analyse social phenomenon by the means of the word risk. The word provides people a new angel analysing and handling the social problem and has become one kind of utterance hegemony. From these, there is no exaggeration that we name the current society as risk society. The word modern means the context of risk society and the so-called modern technology risk in the thesis refers to the risk in the context of risk society.2. The modern technology risk is both a fact judgment and a value judgment. It includes content in two aspects, one aspect is the possibility of adverse effect that modern technology can bring about, and it also refers to the objective aspect of technology risk. The other aspect is the cognition and judgment of the possibility of adverse effect. It also shows the deviation of the risk cognition from the real risk level and it is the subjective aspect of risk. Under the context of current risk society, there exists certain difference between routine technology and high technology in risk. As for the risk of routine technology, the risk is mainly the objective risk and the there is no or little deviation of the risk cognition from the real risk level. As for high technology, such as nuclear technology, clone technology and genetically-modified technology, there is great deviation of the risk cognition from the real risk level. The subjective aspect of high technology is more important than the objective one of it because the damage that the technology really brings about is less, but they are technologies with maximal risk level in public memory.3.The modern technology risk is the representation of technology dissimilation, technological double-edged sword, and technological rationality hegemony, and is also the possibility of negative effect of technology in the future. There exist both sameness and obvious difference between the technology risk and negative effect of technology. They both refers to the negative effect of technology, and the difference lies in the uncertainty and certainty, subjective and objective, future and now and controllability and uncontrollability .It can expand our viewpoint of analyzing technology risk to the degree of surpass-time and space, arouse our responsibility consciousness, and enlarge and deepen our responsibility to apply the theory of risk society to modern technology problem.4.the concept of technology risk avoiding is a complicated one containing many processes and aspects. On the whole, it means making use of the merit of technology risk and overcoming the deficiency of it and not excluding the risk. From the angle of horizon,it is a work series including risk reflection, precaution and controlling. From the longitudinal angle,it is an all-around risk avoiding method applying to both objective and subjective technology risk. So, it calls for the mechanism of all-around risk avoiding, and multiple measures should be adopted, including the measure of technology, system, culture and psychology.5. As different theories of technology risk avoiding, the objective entity theory and the subjective construction theory are both reasonable and imperfect. The correct viewpoint is to overcome the opposite thought, make for the dialectic understanding, and promote their fusion. The way fusing is to dispel the countering aspect of the theory and view them as two kinds of complementary risk avoiding method which can play their own role in the risk avoiding.
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