Study On The Relationship Between Rural Social Security And Land System

The relationship between Rural Social Security and land is actually the relationship between traditional security form and modern security form. As the land playing a role of traditional security functions, changing from land protection to social security is a long-term process. The process shows us a trend of weakening of land, enhancing of social security. Establishment and improvement of rural social security system will inevitably involve the relationship between social security and traditional security, between social security and land.Rural Social Security has a public goods character. We study the relationship between Rural Social Security and land from several angles as following.(1) Using traditional economics theory of supply and demand, considering the character of public goods, we analyzed the supply, demand and equilibrium of Rural Social Security. Land factors which have an impact on supply and demand were summarized after above analysis. In chapterâ…¥, the problem in China's Rural Social Security product's supply and demand is analyzed based on the data from a sample survey.(2) Using the theory of institutional change, with the background of co-ordination development between urban and rural, we analyzed the process changing from land protect to social security. We are focused on an analysis of the transition under the circumstances of rural labor transfer, urbanization, and public finance investment increasing in rural areas. We estimated the process of coordinated development of medical insurance and pension insurance between urban and rural, under the assumption that China will achieve the equalization between rural and urban in per capita expenditure on social security fund in 2030.(3) We built the Gray Correlation Model between income from land and payment capacity for social security. The result shows that:Among various incomes, the income from land has the strongest correlation with total revenue, followed by transfer payment and wage income. If the price is fixed, increase of farmer's income from land and wage will has a strong boost on Rural Social Security system. More importantly, the transfer payment has a better correlation with total revenue; increase of government subsidies to farmers will promote the development of Rural Social Security.(4) We analyzed the relationship between land system and Rural Social Security system. There is an interaction relationship between land system and Rural Social Security system. Either side of the reform will have an impact on the other side. There is so closely relationship between Rural Social Security and land. From this relationship, we got inspiration about construction of Rural Social Security and land reform from above relationship.(1) About the construction of Rural Social Security system.For the Rural Minimum Living Security, income levels can be understood as the only factor to some extent. Rural Minimum Living Security coverage should be expanded to cover more relative poverty population. The loopholes in the management of Rural Minimum Living Security should be paid sufficient attention.For the Rural Cooperative Medical Insurance, income level of farmer's is not an obstacle for them to join the insurance project because of the relative low prices. Participate rate of New Type Rural Cooperative Medical Insurance is relatively high, but the level of medical insurance service needs to be improved, the scope of medical insurance to be expanded.For the Rural Pension Insurance, the farmer's potential demand of pension insurance is great. But because individual bear the major cost in the old system, the participation rate is very low. In the New Type Rural Pension Insurance, public finance should add investment in rural areas.(2) About the reform of the rural land systemGovernment should improve relevant laws and regulations about land transfer, and should make specification for rural land contracting and management rights transfer should promulgate policy of agricultural subsidies. China should regulate behavior of land transfers market players, should improve price formation mechanism in land transfer market, and should strengthen government services and management functions. The barriers in urban-rural household registration should be eliminated. Agricultural enterprises'participate in land transfer should be encouraged. Rural Social Security System should be improved to create a good condition for land transfer in the process of urbanization. Land transfer should be closely linked with the construction of small towns from the angle of land transfer between urban and rural. Government should provide guidance on large-scale land management, should give special subsidies to farmers if the grain planting area of single block land reaches to a certain size.From the perspective of land expropriation, government should contribute to realize the value of rural collective land ownership and use rights, should define the scope of public interest in expropriation of land to a narrow scope clearly, and should encourage farmers to participate in the project development with land-use right in various forms. Compensation standards of land expropriation should be improved, compensation pattern should be innovated, and the one-time buyout method of compensation should be replaced by a sustainable one. We should establish a social security fund system for landless peasants, should give those who have lost land a subsidy according to the urban minimum living standard. We should broaden the road of resettling landless peasants, strive to compensate before compensation, expropriate land before solve the problem of Social Security.(3) Deal with relationship between the land reform and Rural Social Security System.Agricultural land reform should be conducive to enhance farmers' enthusiasm and agricultural productivity, should be conducive to achieve large-scale land management and increase farmers' income, and enhance farmer's ability to join social security project. Agricultural land reform and Rural Social Security reform should be packaged. Land reform should be conducive to land transfer, should make farmers who reach high income level and have the will to transfer their land took a load off and achieve the change from traditional land protection to social security protection.From the perspective of reform order, the Rural Social Security System reform should be earlier than the Rural Land System reform. Reform of Rural Social Security System can reduce farmers' scruple after land transfer, can promote the circulation of agricultural land and urbanization. An independent reform of land operation rights transfer system without Rural Social Security System reform can't promote land transfer. Of course, the Rural Social Security System construction is not a one-step reform. Land reform can increase farmers' income, enhance the capacity of joining social security project, and promote the Rural Social Security System in turn.Policy-makers should take full advantage of the relationship of mutually reinforcing between two reforms, avoid the adverse effects, and promote the smooth progress of two reforms.(4) Proposal about land's participation in the construction of Rural Social SecurityIn the process of establishing and improvement Rural Social Security system, especially in the pilot work of the China New Rural Pension Insurance, government should make land involved in rural social security system construction as possible. The model of land participation include:land appraised as capital stock, land exchange for social security, land rent for social security, social security, and land financial support. Environments of different model are various.For the farmers who have weak dependent on land, the purpose of land's participation is to achieve and add the value of land. For the farmers who have stronger dependent on land, the purpose of land's participation is to concentrate land to the skilled farmer, expand agricultural production, enhance the economic strength of village collective, and accumulate funds for Rural Social Security gradually.Models of land's participation for different farmer groups are various. General farmers, migrant workers and landless peasants has different participation model. Regardless of what type of farmers, government should come up as part of land revenue funds to establish special allowance from land revenue to promote the development of New Rural Pension Insurance construction.