On Urban Environmental Governance Pattern In Transition Period In China

As a new concept urban environmental governance was recognized more and more widely. Many Urban’s development at home and abroad indicated that transformation from management to governance was a basic trend of the world’s dealing with urban environmental problems. The rapid development of urbanization in China played an important role in promoting the development of the national economy. But at the same time it caused serious environmental pollution in cities, which not only reduced the life quality of urban residents, did serious harm to human health, but also undermined natural physical conditions of urban economic development, restricted the sustainable development potential of urban economy. At present and a long time in future urbanization in China will remain in the period of rapid development. Further promoting urbanization was an inevitable trend in Chinese economic development. so, more serious environmental pollution problems will be faced. The traditional pattern of urban environmental management could not overcome the shortcomings of its own, and could not promptly and effectively solved new problems and new challenges occurred during rapid urbanization. How to solve the increasingly complex and serious environmental problems? How to deal with the unceasingly new environmental challenges occurred during rapid urbanization? These were important issues urgently awaits to be solved. Under this background, it will have more theoretical and practical significance for China to study the basic theory of urban environmental governance and discuss governance pattern and innovative mechanisms of urban environment which suited for Chinese national condition.The generation of urban environmental governance theory had rich thought origin and profound theoretical basis. The basic theory of urban environmental governance such as public governance theory, urban management theory, environmental management theory, sustainable development theory and circulation economy theory were summarized. These basic theories provided the basic ideas, direction and guiding principles for researching urban environmental governance, which was foundation to study urban environmental governance pattern.Urban environmental governance was a new philosophy and new methods to deal with urban environmental problems in transition period in China. Basic theory of urban environmental governance was discussed in detail in the article. Main body, pattrens, assessment methodologies and other core elements of urban environmental governance were thorough analyzed. It was pointed out that urban environmental governance was a process or a state that series of main body of governance cooperated, participated in and diversified managed public affairs of urban environment. Urban environmental governance and urban environmental management are closely related. The two has both difference and relation. Urban environmental governance had multiform main bodies as government, market, business, civil society organizations, NGO and urban citizens, which underlined co-governance, participation, voluntary and win-win situation. The traditional urban environmental management had a single management body which emphasized government’s domination, compulsory, restriction and controlling on urban environmental affairs from the top downward. Goals of urban Environmental governance were to treat poor environment, maintain a good environment, and beautify the living. Urban Environmental governance was not just government action, not just economic behavior, but also a political act. So, concept, spirit and boundaries of urban environmental governance must be attached importance to. Core elements of urban environmental governance had four: to interact between upper and lower, to coordinate left with right, to integrate internal with external, to multiple cooperate, and win-win and teamwork. These four aspects both principle requirements for urban environmental governance, but also an ideal target for urban environmental governance to pursuit and efforts to achieve.Concept, methods and processes of urban environmental management at home and abroad had generality as well as particularity. In transition period, "Management and Governance" of urban environment at home and abroad coexisted together which mutually promoted, and pushed urban environmental governance forward. Basic characteristics, development process, basic practice, main measures and experience of developed countries’ urban environmental governance were summarized in Chapter 4. Their experience had a significant reference for urban environmental governance in China. Evolution, policies and regulations, organization system and practical patterns of Chinese urban environment management were comprehensively analyzed in Chapter 5. Performance, faced with problems and challenges of urban environmental governance in China at the current stage also were revealed. It was considered that problems and challenges were resulted from not only rapid social economic development and unceasingly accelerating urbanization, but also not perfect of structure, mechanism and legal system of urban environmental governance.GCPD was an innovation pattren of urban environmental governance suitable for Chinese situation.Through full probing into basic theory of urban environmental governance and experience and issues of urban environmental governance at home and abroad, an urban environmental governance pattren of" government-oriented, Cooperation, participation, diversity " was designed, namely GCPD governance pattren. It was pointed out that urban environmental governance pattren of " government-oriented, cooperation, participation, diversity " was an emerging pattren of governance which various of main body in urban carried out "cooperation, participation, diversity" governance in urban environment under the auspices of limited government. The expression of GCPD governance pattren was:Government-oriented+(Cooperation+Participation in+Diversity) GCPD. Government-oriented commanded and coordinated " cooperation, participation, diversity ", and thus built a new pattren of governance. They four was not isolated from each other or repelled one another, but instead they were in one of mutual support, mutual cooperation and mutual promotion. It will be formed a new organic force by integrating, modifing and innovating " government-oriented, Cooperation, participation, diversity ".To make GCPD governance pattren into practice, a strong support system was needed which was built of institutional innovation, mechanism innovation, selection of modern means and assessment system.Urban environmental management in Jiaxing was a typical GCPD governance pattren. Urban environmental management practices and achievements in Jiaxing were deeply inspected in Chapter 7.It was found that environmental protection and management in Jiaxing was in the leading position in China, and Jiaxing is practicing GCPD governance pattern. It was because that GCPD governance pattern was practicaly applied and urban environmental management was successfully transformed to urban environmental governance, result of urban environmental governance in Jiaxing was remarkable.The case of Jiaxing indicated GCPD governance pattren feasible in China. That further promotion of GCPD governance pattren should be positively study.In the last part, the conclusions of whole research were made and several policy proposals were put forward to effect urban environmental governance in China,to promote urban economic, social and environmental coordinated and Sustainable development.