Ecosystem Health Assessment Of Qingdao Coastal Zone Based On RS、GIS And Survey Data

Coastal zone is the first marine economic zone, and an area with densepopulation and economic prosperity becauce of concentrating human resource andproduction factors highly. Yet disturbed by land and ocean, coastal zone is a brittleecosystem with lower stability and recuperability. Now because of the high-strengthhuman activities and social production, the structure、function、service and healthstatus of coastal ecosystem is changed remarkably. Qingdao is an important opencoastal city of China, and one marine science research center, however there is nostudy reports on ecosystem health assessment of Qingdao coastal zonecomprehensively. This paper makes a deep analysis on economy、society、environment of Qingdao coastal zone firstly, and then structures systems ofassessment based RS、GIS and marine survey data, and completes a ecosystemhealth assessment of Qingdao coastal zone with three subsystems(accompanyingthe coastal, coastline and intertidal zone, offshore marine areas) comprehensively.Therefore intellectual support for sustainable development of Qingdao coastal zoneis expected.In the framework of vigour-organization-recuperability model, based on RS andGIS techniques the system of assessment which contains1984,1989,1995,2000,2002,2009spatialization variables NDVI, Org, Rec for the ecosystem health ofaccompanying the coastal is structured, and then the temporal&spatial variation ofecosystem health is studied. The results indicate: There is a worse ecological andenvironmental quality in Jiaozhou bay coast, especially Qingdao urban district, thesoutheast of Jiaozhou、Huangdao district and the northeast of Jiaonan. These areasare just the places with most dense population and developed economy of Qingdaocity. Thanks to the better vegetation cover and environmental protection, and itsvicinity have higher ecological health index in times of evaluation(except1995). Overall, the ecological health level of accompanying the coastal is1984＞1989＞2000＞2009＞1995＞2002.Using1984,1989,1995,2000,2002,2009Landsat remote sensing images, thestatuses and tendency of exploiting tension, ecological risk, ecological health for thecoastline and intertidal zone based on RS and GIS techniques is studied. The resultsindicate: From1984to2009, the mainland coastal length of Qingdao city presents aincreasing generally, and increases to741.09km in2009from698.76km in1984. Itis that base rocky coastline formed by the Laoshan mountains salient changesslightly along Qingdao coast, which account for16.88%of the Qingdao coastlinelength only. The remarkable changed coastal segments influenced by humanactivities concentrate in the south of Dingzi bay, Hengmen bay-Aoshan bay-thewest of Xiaodao bay, Jiaozhou bay coast, Tangdao bay-Lingshan bay-Cuijialu bayand the south coastal areas of Jiaonan, which account for83.12%of the Qingdaocoastline length. Moreover,155.66km2intertidal zone has been exploited in theabove five places from1984to2009. Generally speaking, for the coastline andintertidal zone, there are higher exploiting tension and ecological risk with atendency of rising slowly, while medium ecological health status with decreasingslowly.Based on marine survey data of the four cruises from2006to2007, a study onecological health of Qingdao offshore with factor analysis is conducted. The resultsindicate: The biomass and community structure of the phytoplankton groups,nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient play the key role of regulation on the ecologicalhealth of Qingdao offshore in spring and summer; The role of phytoplankton groupsis still very prominent, while that of dissolved oxygen served as the limiting factorstrengthened in autumn; The hydrological and chemical indicators become thecrucial factors on the ecological health of Qingdao offshore in winter. In times ofassessment, the ecological index of Qingdao offshore appears winter＞autumn＞spring＞summer, however the entire ecosystem of Qingdao offshore is subhealthy.In the spatial pattern, the ecological and environmental quality becomes worse withthe distance from shore decreasing. In the framework of pressure-state-response model, the system of assessmentfor the ecosystem health of Qingdao coastal zone is structured based on statisticaldata from1998to2009, and the integrated Health Index(IHI) of Qingdao coastalzone is calculated. The results indicate: There presents an U distribution mode ofIHI from1998to2009. The ecosystem of Qingdao coastal zone is health in2008,whereas subhealthy and unhealthy during another years.