Ecosystem Health Assessment Of Coastal Zone In Rizhao City

The coastal zone is the transition zone of the land and the sea, and it is easy disturbed by external things, the ecological environment is fragile. It is also the base of shore areas to carry out foreign trade and cultural exchanges as well as development of the marine and economic development. Rizhao is rich in marine resources and has great potential in development. Contradictions are more and more salient for industry use of marine space resources, especially near the coast of space resources, the irrational exploitation of marine resources caused changes in water quality and pollutants discharged into the sea caused rising productivity decline of coastal ecosystems, the enteromorpha prolifera of Rizhao nearshore disaster from scratch and have a more serious trend, ecological and environmental problems had become more seriously.Therefore, this research selected Rizhao coastal zone for the study, moreover the coastal ecosystem is divided into two subsystems: shoreline subsystem, land subsystem and through the systematic analysis of the effects of social economic development zone on ecological system, with remote sensing(RS), geographic information systems(GIS) and other means, using edge detection, landscape pattern index and index system and other research methods to assess ecosystem health of these three subsystems respectively. through evaluation of the ecosystem health of the coastal zone, thereby finding factors that affect ecosystem health, research productions has reference to sustainable development of the coastal zone in Rizhao.This paper studies the content and results include:(1) By analyzing remote sensing images of Rizhao in 2001,2006,2009,2014 and by Canny operator for four images of shoreline extraction and comparison of changes,analysis of its causes on changes and effects in ecosystem health. The results show that from 2001 to 2014, the coastline of Rizhao is increasing in length and the shape forms the expansion trend to the seaward side. The larger changes in the coastline area located in Fu Tuan estuary, Rizhao Port and Lanshan Port. Changes have occurred mainly due to sedimentation in the estuary and the construction of the port channel.(2) By interpretation, classification and calculating landscape pattern indices of2001,2006,2009 and 2014 four remote sensing images, using of ecological health assessment index which Constanza proposed to evaluate the ecological health of theland subsystems coastal in Rizhao. Evaluation results are shown that the land subsystem ecological health of the overall performance of the sequential arrangement is 2001,2006,2014,2009. The reason why 2001 obtains the highest score is higher vegetation coverage at that point, and had much positive landscape, ecosystem is in good condition. From 2001 to 2009, Rizhao speed up the urbanization process, urban expansion from coast areas to inland, a lot of artificial buildings occupied areas originally belonged to the farmland and green,which leaded to habitat fragmentation severely and the level of vegetation coverage reduced. The land subsystem ecological health got the lowest level. From 2009 to 2014, Rizhao Government took measures to strengthen the protection of farmland, increase the greening project and reconstruct villages in cities, the series of measures to reduce the degree of habitat fragmentation.Compared to 2009, the rise of ecological health levels were significantly, but not reached to 2006.(3) With Pressure-State-Response model framework, selecting the relevant indicators of the social and economic development of the coastal zone,using Statistical Yearbook Of Rizhao, Marine statistical Yearbooks and National Economic and Rizhao Social Development Statistics Bulletin as date sources, using the analytic hierarchy process to calculate each index weights, constructing social economic subsystem ecological health assessment model to evaluate Rizhao social economic subsystem ecological health. Evaluation results show that from 2004 to 2013, Rizhao coastal socio-economic subsystem ecological health performance from good to bad,the main reason is that social and economic development has led to an increase in emissions of various pollutants, however, the response measures against pollution has not reached the corresponding requirements.