| This research was supported by project of National Science and Technology Program(No.2015BAD16B00), Jilin Science and Technology Department Program (No.20140520182JH) and Jilin Education Department Program (No.2014556).Acanthopanax sessiliflorus (Rupr. Et Maxim.) Seem are abundant in Changbai Mountain,the development and utilization of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus (Rupr. Et Maxim.) Seem fruits asa novel medicinal and edible food are less, and the resources are wasted. In this paper,Acanthopanax sessiliflorus (Rupr. Et Maxim.) Seem fruits as raw material, the extraction,purification, freeze-drying process, stability, microencapsulation, antioxidant activity andapplication in edible ink of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus (Rupr. Et Maxim.) Seem fruitsanthocyanins (AFA) were studied, the results were as follows:(1) The optimum AFA extraction conditions of solvent, ultrasonic assisted, enzymatic,ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction were obtained by single-factor, orthogonal andresponse surface experiments, and the four methods were compared by extraction rate,extraction time and energy consumption. The optimum conditions of solvent extraction:extraction time2h, pH2,40%ethanol, extraction temperature60℃, liquid/material ratio10:1(mL:g), the extraction rate was78.5%. The optimum conditions of ultrasonic assisted extraction:ultrasonic power160W, ultrasonic time of40min, liquid/material ratio10:1(mL:g), pH2,40%ethanol as extraction solvent, extraction temperature60℃, the extraction rate was80.7%. Theoptimum conditions of enzymatic extraction: enzyme content0.7%, liquid/material ratio15:1(mL:g), enzyme time120min, enzyme temperature50℃, pH5.0, the extraction rate was79.1%.The optimum conditions of ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction: ultrasonic power120W, microwave power180W, extraction time6.7min, liquid/material ratio of10:1(mL:g),pH2,40%ethanol, extraction temperature50℃, the extraction rate was83.4%.Ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction had higher extraction rate, shorter extraction timeand lower power consumption.(2) The AFA was purified by using macroporous resin, and the optimum purificationconditions of AFA were obtained by investigating adsorption rate and desorption rate: staticadsorption equilibrium time4h, static desorption equilibrium time2h, anthocyanins pH2, pH270%ethanol as eluent, anthocyanins flow rate1mL·min-1, anthocyanins concentration1mg· mL-1, eluent flow rate1mL·min-1. The optimum conditions of vacuum freeze-drying wereobtained by single-factor and response surface experiments, and the effects of drying pressure,material thickness and heating plate temperature on the drying anthocyanins were investigated,the optimum conditions of vacuum freeze-drying: drying pressure50Pa, material thickness 8mm and heating plate temperature50℃, and the drying rate was19.37g·(g·h)-1, theanthocyanins retention rate is82.88%and the moisture content was4.13%. The qualitativeexperimental results showed that: AFA was flavonoids, has phenolic hydroxyl structure and nosubstituent on the5th position, and may contain Cyanidin, Peonidin and Delphinidin.(3) The AFA was stable under pH3.0, below60℃, andsensitive to outdoor light. Theeffect of oxidant on stability of AFA was significant, and effect of reductive on stability of AFAwas not significant. K+、Ca2+and Mg2+had no effect on AFA, Na+、Zn2+、Al3+and highconcentrations of Cu2+had hyperchromic effect on AFA, and the effect of Fe3+, Fe2+on stabilityof AFA was significant. Sucrose and glucose had hyperchromic effect on the AFA, potassiumsorbate had no effect on AFA, and the effect of high concentrations ascorbic acid on stability ofAFA was significant.(4) The optimum AFA microencapsulation conditions of grinding, piercing, spray-dryingwere obtained by single-factor, orthogonal and response surface experiments. The optimumconditions of grinding: wall/core material ratio3.6:1, grinding time43min, grindingtemperature40℃, the microencapsulation efficiency was76.4%, the AFAM prepared bygrinding was loose and delicate powder, the microstructure was spherical, surface smooth,dense and no cracks. The optimum conditions of piercing: sodium alginate1.9%, chitosan1.7%,calcium chloride1%and wall/core material ratio4:1, the microencapsulation efficiency was92.9%, the AFAM prepared by piercing was spherical, uniform in size, structural integrity,dense and had a certain mechanical strength and no cracks. The optimum conditions ofspray-drying: wall/core material ratio6:1, solids content30%, maltodextrin/gum arabic1:1,inlet temperature160℃, outlet temperature80℃, the microencapsulation efficiency was83.3%,the AFAM prepared by spray-drying was uniform in size, delicate and loose powder, themicrostructure was spherical,surface smooth, dense and no cracks. The AFAM prepared byspray-drying had better stability on temperature, light, pH and metal ions, and had slow-releaseeffect in artificial gastric juice.(5) The effect of AFA on DPPH radical scavenging activity was significant, and IC50was28.7ug/mL. AFA had a certain superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, and IC50was134.1ug/mL. AFA had strong hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and IC50was29.2ug/mL.AFA had strong anti-lipid peroxidation, and IC50was150.3ug/mL. AFA had a certain reducingpower and oil antioxidant.(6) AFAEI was prepared by AFA1%, sugar30%, soybean oil34.1%, distilled water34.1%, xanthan gum0.3%, lecithin0.5%, and ultrasound-microwave synergistic emulsionpreparation20min. And the viscosity was0.32Pa s, fluidity was37mm, fineness <15um, hadgood color strength and natural bright colors. L*value was44.62, a*value was24.44, b*value was15.43, saturation was28.90, color angle was32.27°. Printing the AFAEI on thesurface of the bread, cake and paper by screen printing, had clear images, natural colors andgood decorative effect. AFAEI was stable under drying temperature of70℃, acid, ethanol andwater, AFAEI was unstable under alkaline. The results of bloom test and thixotropic test wereshowed that the properties of AFAEI was closer to the standard red ink. |
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