Research On The Comfort Design Of "Humanbody-Seat" Interface On High-Speed Train Passenger Seat

Passenger seat in high-speed train is the most popular vehicle facility contacting with the passengers in the vehicle.It not only reflects the important quality of carrier,but also improves the riding comfort of the train.Study on high-speed train passenger seating comfort has a great significance to enhance the quality of high-speed train comfort and perfect ergonomics theory of high-speed train in China.The article firstly made a summary of the vehicle seat design features and of the seat comfort theoretical study at home and abroad, and then established a seat design model of high speed trains interactions between internal and external factors. Above this, from the perspective of theory of comfort and industrial design, and through a combination of subjective and objective evaluation of primary experimental research, it systematically studied industrial design factors affecting train seating comfort, which was including functional configuration, aesthetic design,ergonomics scales, interface features shape of "people-chair" and material selection. The specific content and research results are as follows:(1) Functional configuration is primarily decided by passenger seats in a process of physiological needs and requirements of the decision. Over the railway line research, user interviews,observation behavior,the article summarzed problems in high-speed train seat design of my country, and based on user demand theory,construction of the passenger demand and function deployment model, and made a functional configuration of high-speed train seating and design recommendations.(2) Through the experiment study,the article applied an evaluation method of the eye tracking technology and kansei engineering technique in aesthetic design of high-speed train seat. Then, it gave the final recommendations of train seats aesthetic design.(3) To address the domestic research on the relationship between parameter definitions and standards for the seat in the literature problem of uneven,redefine and frame geometry parameters of seats under the environment of high speed train people, made ergonomics design recommendations which could be applicable to the characteristics of different groups of seats geometric parameters.To large groups, small, medium and large size groups of seats parameters recommended value (unit:mm) followed by the seat height:430,400,430,460, Seat Depth:450,400,450,500;seat width:480,450,480,510;backrest height:780,730,780, 780;backrest width:510,480,510,510;backrest angle:20 degrees,20 degrees,20 degrees,15 degrees;seat spacing are 900;Capacity margin of the knee:300,250,300,300.Beyond meeting the width of the seat backrest width of the carriage and aisle width,to select the recommended maximum value in the range;Back High should not exceed 880mm; Evaluation of the various groups on the Bar Stool with backrest angle and spacing The greater satisfaction for the parameter,the more satisfaction shown by the back to the recommended values,seat spacing is too large, people in the vehicle conditions are" insecurity", backrest angle too large can cause uncomfortable sense;Distance shall be not less than the minimal threshold (100mm)of the knee.(4) Established "people-chair" pressure distribution interface index characterization and found pressure distribution on seat SPD%, Circular pressure gradient GC and linetype pressure gradient GT and cushion shape and hardness are clearly related.The lower of GC and GT. The higher the comfort of the ischial tuberosity, the smaller of SPD%, the higher the overall evaluation of comfort cushion. The maximum of pressure and SPD% is clear to characterize of soft cushion material hardness.The higher value of Pm and SPD%, the harder the cushion material.(5) By combining the method of objective body pressure distribution measurement and subjective comfort evaluation,research under static conditions and long-term conditions, different-shaped backrest and seat body pressure distribution and comfort features, as well as different hardness characteristics of body pressure distribution and comfort cushions. It eventually raised to avoid uncomfortable and enhance the comfort of the seat surface hardness and cushion design reference recommendations.As follows:① Static pressure distribution in indexes- SPD% can not characterization of comfort backrest situation;The average pressure Pv and the contact area A is relevant to the weight of passengers; Back design avoided flat surface,on both sides of the head side of the pillow is recommended, ensure that activities around both sides of the head with a comfortable space, and head restraints for the front of the transverse margin of the head is recommend arc-shaped.The other side sleeper length is not easy to become long to pull forward, it is recommended that for 60mm; The back cross in front of edge was proposed to design for the concave arc,better depth of 50mm,with shoulder on both sides without too much packages to avoid a sense of congestion;The back of waist position in the vertical section should have good support the human waist, the surface of the vertical section of the back to the waist is inadvisable to slow, otherwise to take on the back of the waist not obvious.② Flat cushion’s SPD% is minimum.Shape surface pasts a better with human buttocks and legs, and SPD% of concave on both sides of the raised seat in the middle of the surface is relatively small. Distribution of pressure is uniform in overall. Cushion-shaped surface and shape of the human buttocks and legs jointed with a better comfort of the best, and the ischial tuberosity pressure gradient Gc changed more little. The second is a transverse bump texture surface;cushion design of the front edge of the chamfer should avoid sharp uplift, or the end zone would have force sense.③ Head restraints and lumbar back of the neck and waist on the human body,sitting position plays a key role,is providing a comfortable sense.Head and waist extruded highly recommended value is 50mm; Minimum limit is 30mm, the maximum value is 70mm; Protruding head and waist by height is 50mm, the location highly recommended,690mm, 215mm, in turn.④ On the condition of Long time sitting,the backrest and seat surface affect the comfort of passengers. Less advanced discomfort with backrest shapes have features:the head and waist pillow with good support,the head with the space around freely, the back without an excessive number of packages,and hips, his legs jointed with a better cushion good shape overall evaluation of comfort in two hours. On the condition of Long time sitting,the SPD% values for the different shaped backrest is irregular. cushion’s SPD% values declined, but not present comfort under the situation during long ride.⑤ The 45 degrees of hardness cushion,both in the short term and long term,is used with comfort, it is recommended that high speed train seat fillers material hardness of 45 degrees. Indicators of pressure distribution about SPD% and GC link hardness of cushion with linear relationship, the greater the hardness, the greater SPD% and Gc; Long sitting, hardness of 45-degree seat can better ease people’s uncomfortable sense, a soft cushion regulates to ease discomfort with less privileged.