Green Way Layout Of The Liaohe River Delta Based On Habitat Protection

With the rapid progress of the urbanization and the unified design between the city and thecountryside，the land use forms are in transformation, and the habitat is in fragmentation,which lead to some biotic populations are in extinction in part. But good connections amongthe habitats can add to the pervasion of the wildlife among the rudimental habitat, and whichis a helpful approach in integrated conservation of wildlife habitat. Based on the conservationof wildlife habitat, the new idea of the greenway layout will come into being, which willmake the green space layout in the city and the countryside more significative in ecology.Some techniques of the GIS, RS and GPS are applicated in classifying the land use foms ofthe Liaohe River Delta, by which that the land cover are identified. The main wildlife classesof the Liaohe River Delta are gathered, and the bird habitats conservation are regarded as theobject of greenway layout in the Liaohe River Delta. Six representative species are selected torsearch the characteristics of six habitats types in the Liaohe River Delta.With the help of GIS weighted overlay analysis module, the main habitats’ distributionstatus are analyzed, and the habitats’ fragmentation status are analyzed by the GIS-bufferfunction with roads, oil wells and some industrial enterprises, and so on. The connectivity ofthe region is assessed using the Ecological Connectivity Index（ECI）. Further, combined withevery representative species’ habit and regional planning characteristics, the potential habitatsare identified, and the status among the habitats are analyzed. Also, some measures areproposed to resolve some problems about forming greenway layout connecting the habitats.At last, the feathers and advantages of the greenway layout based on habitat protection aresummarized and analyzed.Several research achievements and contributions are summarized as the followings:Firstly, combined with the Present Land Use Classification（GB）,the land use forms areclassificated through RS and survey on the spot. The results show that eight kinds of forms ofland use in the Liaohe River Delta include dry lands, paddy fields, woodlands, beach, waters,prawn-crab-ponds, wetlands and land for construction. Accounting for64.96%of the totalarea of the study area, water-related land use types,including paddy fields, beaches, prawn-crab-ponds, water and wetlands, are the main landscape patterns in the region. Lowerthan18.21%of the average level of the national forest coverage，the woodlands areaccounted for15.47%of the total area of the study area. And the lands for construction,composed of settlements, oil wells and some industrial fields, are accounted for13.29%ofthe total area, which are dispersed in the study area, together with the roads in the region, are the main facors of the habitats’ fragmentation in the region.Secondly, the main wildlife list of the Liaohe River Delta, including4classes,22orders,52families and183species, is formed through surveying on the spot and data collection.Combined with eco-types of the Liaohe River Delta, Grus japonensis, Larus saundersi, Anascrecca,Pica pica, Dendrocopos major and Passer montanus are regarded as the representativespecies to research the habitats and the greenway among the habitats. The habitat maps aredrawn with the help of ARCinfo, and the characteristics of the representative species habitatsare analyzed.Thirdly, based on every representative species habitat maps, the habitat fragmentation andconnection status are analyzed with the roads, wells, and some mining regions as theresistance surface. The results show that the six ecological classes of the region are facingwith the fragmentation brought about by the natural disturbance and human interference, andthe overall decline of habitat connectivity. The degree of habitat fragmentation is differentwith the different of the habitats demand characteristics of various types of group. The habitatof Grus japonensis is impacted large, which is facing the fragmentation by the naturaldisturbance and man-made interference. The habitats of Larus saundersi are shrinking. Thegreen space play an impotant role in the diffusion of the Anas crecca, so which should bepaid more attention. Relatively high connection degree to Pica pica in the region, show thatroad green space and waterfront green space play a better role in the diffusion of Pica pica.The habitats of Dendrocopos major and Passer montanus take on the island, which show thatthe actual green space is poor on the connection of the island habitat of the two representativespecies.Fourthly, the main problems of the potential habitats and the region among the habitats arefaced that smaller habitat, incomplete habitat and greenway structure, too large resistanceamong habitats, and no conditions to form greenway, etc. Based on which, five measures areproposed that the expansion of representative species habitats "functional area"; the perfectstructure of the potential habitat and the greenway; the reducing resistance among the habitats;to adjust land use form, set habitat stop point in the connection area of habitat; and theincreasing numbers of the greenway among the habitat to enhance the connectivity amonghabitats.Fifthly, the greenway layout of the Liaohe River Delta is formed, and the greenwaycomposition are analyzed. And then, with the change of the alpha index and the gamma indexof connectivity, the advantages of the greenway layout basing on the habitat protection are showed.Sixthly，based on the study of the greenway layout in Liaohe River Delta, the pratice wasdone about the greenway layout basing on waterfowls habitats in <Maeter plan of Xi’antown>, which makes sure that the layout plan is feasible in the smaller scale, too. And someproblems are brought in the pratice.