| One of the key issues of traffic incident emergency response and disposal problem is emergency resources layout and co-scheduling of the highway network. Overseas experience shows that it can effectively reduce the emergency response time of traffic incidents, improve the efficiency of the emergency response, get maximize the safety benefits to use the limited resources, and improve the highway network traffic security status and level of service through deploying the emergency resources, researching the emergency response strategy and algorithms. It is widely accepted that the congestion and congestion-related problems can be decreased by the proper use of an efficient emergency resource to traffic incident. China’s highway network has been initially formed. But the highway network deployment of emergency resources, emergency response, as well as a wide range of emergency service system has not yet been established. The highway networked service advantages are not yet effective. Therefore, in China, it is very urgent to improve the emergency resources to optimize the allocation, scheduling and emergency response capabilities for the highway-based regional road network.Since the initial investment, maintenance cost and operating cost of each response unit is considerable, there is a great need for reliable models to help allocate emergency resource to the emergency response unit and scheduling the emergency resource to response the traffic incident, and to improve the performance of the traffic incident management. In this thesis, from the actual situation of our current highway-based regional road network traffic emergency resource’s location, allocation, and traffic incidents emergency response, it mainly researches:①the models, strategy and algorithms of emergency resource location and allocation for the highway-based regional road network;②the models, strategy and algorithms of emergency resource optimization scheduling when a major traffic incident had been occurred in a highway-based regional road network.The main contents and fruits of this thesis are outlined as follows:(1) In this thesis, we discuss the traffic incidents classification. In the traffic capacity performance analysis area, we investigate to model the traffic flow on a highway link subject to traffic incidents. For the traffic incidents effect problem, we investigate the spread of traffic flow, traffic capacity, and traffic delay of major traffic incidents on the highway network. And in this section, a trend inference simulation method of traffic incidents which affect highway-based regional road network is proposed. It can achieve the automatic inference of the trend of a traffic incident on the impact of the highway-based regional road network by design traffic incident simulation scenarios.(2) For the emergency resource location problem, on the basis of the traditional resource location models, a mixed-integer programming (MIP) model and algorithm of emergency resource location is proposed. For the emergency resource allocation problem, assuming that the stochastic distribution of traffic incidents over a regional road network is given, a probabilistic mathematical model and algorithm is proposed, which determine the number of service vehicles allocated to each depot to meet the requirements of the potential traffic incidents by taking into account the stochastic nature of the resource requirement and traffic incident occurrence probabilities. Finally, through the case study, it discusses the location and allocation of the feasibility of the models, strategy and algorithms, and gives analysis results.(3) For traffic incident emergency response and emergency resource dispatching problems based on the highway-based regional road network, it proposes mathematical programming models with probabilistic constraints to address the uncertain conditions in traffic incidents. A mixed-integer programming (MIP) with probabilistic constraints is proposed to address the dispatching problem with consideration given to the stochastic is resource requirements of the sites of the potential traffic incidents. Under the emergency resources scheduling models, it gives scheduling algorithms of traffic emergency resources in different circumstances.(4) In this thesis, it introduced a realistic traffic emergency response simulation model based on the highway-based regional road network. This was needed to in order to realistically evaluate the benefits of the emergency resource layout method and various traffic incident response strategies and methods. The developed traffic simulation model can also generate traffic incidents and test various response strategies. This simulation model can be used to simulate the occurrence of traffic incidents, the dispatching of emergency vehicles from the freeway service patrol and emergency response units on the network. Finally, through the simulation experiments, it investigated traffic emergency resource layout and scheduling method in a regional road network that using this simulation model. The investigation results could provide valuable information to the decision makers on how to improve the emergency response performance.(5) Based on the software design methodology, we also develop a computer software with C#programming language and WEB programming language to achieve the traffic emergency resource layout and dispatching. This software can be used to locate the emergency response units and allocate traffic emergency resource to emergency response units. And the software can be used to dispatch traffic emergency vehicles from the emergency response units on the highway-based regional road network to traffic incidents. |
