| Bus exclusive lanes (BELs) setting is a key measure of bus priority policy. It has a significant effect on improving public transport efficiency and service quality, thereby enhancing the attractiveness of public transportation systems and raising the proportion of bus ridership. Currently, many cities in China and abroad establish BELs to relieve urban traffic congestion.The scheme analysis and optimization of BELs setting are related with many factors including transportation network environment and management measures. In this dissertation, the optimization and evaluation of BELs setting are analyzed with road network degradation and carpool behavior. The optimal process of BELs setting is a Steinberg game of transportation manager and travelers. The travelers’modal choice reaches a final equilibrium status among three modes of solo drivers, carpool and transit.Firstly, based on bi-modal transportation equilibrium considering car and transit, the combinatorial optimization problem of BELs and Bus Frequency (BF) is proposed. The optimal problem is formulated as a bi-level programming model and a genetic algorithm is designed to solve this model. The combinatorial optimization solution is analyzed and compared with two extreme cases including all link set BELs and no link set BELs. How the demand level affects the transportation equilibrium status and combinatorial optimization scheme is also analyzed.Secondly, the analysis and evaluation of BELs setting are studied by splitting car mode into two modes of solo drivers and carpool. Behind deciding whether BELs is set or not, whether travelers by carpool are permitted to use BELs also needs to be decided. A related transportation equilibrium model is proposed for obtaining optimal scheme of BELs and BF. How the demand level and population density affect equilibrium status and optimal scheme is also illustrated.Thirdly, the analysis and evaluation of BELs setting are studied with two modes of solo driver and carpool in a degradable road network. Considering uncertainty of travel time and traveler’s risk aversion for road degradation, a bi-modal transportation model is formulated for evaluating and optimizing scheme of BELs setting in the degradable road network. How road degradation level, travelers’risk aversion level and the degree of correlation between waiting time uncertainty of transit and road degradation affect equilibrium status and optimal scheme is also analyzed.Finally, the combinatorial optimization problem of BELs and BF is discussed with incorporating road network degradation and carpool behavior simultaneously. How road degradation level, travelers’risk aversion level and the degree of correlation between waiting time uncertainty of transit and road degradation affect degradable road transportation system including three modes of solo drivers, carpool and transit and optimal scheme of BELs and BF is also analyzed.Aiming at the above cases, the correctness of models and the validity of algorithms are verified by many numerical examples. Some laws and characteristics of BELs setting are revealed. They can provide scientific basis and theoretical support for the reasonable set of BELs. |
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