Study Of The Evacuation Process For Two Typical Personnel Dense Places

The human is the main body of complete social life and the social activity. Lifeis the most precious thing, and only the existence of human life, one would havebeen the other values of the creation, implementation and evaluation. Therefore, theprimary goal for the security issue is to ensure the safety of personnel. In order toknow the characteristics and laws of evacuation, it is necessary to investigate thehuman behavior during evacuation. In this study, evacuation drill and numericalsimulation are all used to discuss the evacuation characteristics of condensedlypopulated constructions. The research object is the students’ dormitory in ouruniversity. And the underground subway station with three layer construction is theresearch object for the multi-story building with the upward evacuation stair. Worksincludes:The evacuation process of students from a dormitory is investigated by bothexperiment and modeling. We investigate the video record of the pedestrianmovement in the dormitory, and find some typical characteristics of the evacuation,including continuous pedestrian flow, mass behavior and so on. Based on theexperimental observation, we found that simulation results consideringpre-movement time are closer to the experimental results. With the modelconsidering pre-movement time, we simulate the evacuation process and comparethe simulation results with the experimental results, and find that they agree witheach other closely.The crowd massing phenomenon could be more serious with the increase of thedesired velocity. In this study, we also found faster-is-slower effect. When positive effect produced by increasing desired velocity is not sufficient for making up for itsnegative effect, the phenomenon of the greater the desired velocity the longer timerequired for evacuation will emerge. From the video record, it can be observed thatthe mass behavior is obvious during the evacuation process. And the massphenomenon could also be found in simulation. From our study it seems that theevacuation time is not in proportion to the evacuation distance. And we also named aphenomenon of “the closer is not the faster”. The judgment that the existence of staircauses the flow stratification is reasonable. By changing the width of the stair, weproved that judgment.As modernized urban rail transportation, subways are playing an important rolein transiting large passenger flows. Passengers are in high density within the subwayduring rush hours. The casualty and injury will be tremendous if an accident occurs,such as fire. Hence, enough attention should be paid on pedestrian crowds’evacuation in subway. In this paper, simulation of the process of pedestrian crowds’evacuation from the huge transit terminal subway station is conducted. Evacuationprocess in different cases is conducted by using an agent-based model. Effects ofoccupant density, exit width and automatic fare gates on evacuation time are studiedin detail. It is found that, with the increase of the occupant density, the evacuationefficiency would decline. There is a linear relationship between occupant density andevacuation time. Different occupant densities correspond to different critical exitwidths. However, the existence of the automatic fare gates has little effect onevacuation time and tendency.