Basin Water Resources Ecological Compensation System And Efficiency Measurement

With the rapid development of economy in our country, the ecological environment problem has become the bottleneck of the social and economic development. In our country, the carrying capacity of water resources is very limited. If people continue to grab and pollute without control, water ecological environment will be lack of balance.River basin water resources ecological compensation is in response to the global water crisis and water pollution, and through certain economic means and measures to adjust the interest relationship between relevant parties of ecological environment protection and construction, in order to improve the enthusiasm of river basin environmental activists,protect river water quality and water environment, and realize the coordinated development of the regional economy and society. As a kind of interest drive,encouragement, and coordination mechanism for river basin water resources protection and ecological environment construction behavior, the implementation effect of river basin water resources ecological compensation is important for river basin economic development and environmental protection. We choose ecological compensation of river basin water resources as the research object, measure its compensation efficiency, find the existing shortage, analysis the demand of river basin ecological compensation system in China, and finally put forward the countermeasures to promote the development of regional balance of river basin.Based on the analysis of the system and practice of river basin water resources ecological compensation in China, we build the index system to measuring the river basin water resources ecological compensation efficiency, and take the Yangtze river basin for example to carry on the empirical research, selecting four node cities——Yibin, Yichang,Jiujiang and Zhenjiang, respectively measure the comprehensive efficiency, social efficiency, economic efficiency, ecological efficiency, cultural and political efficiency,build four nodes city river basin ecological compensation efficiency coordination degree function, analyze the coordination degree. On the basis of above research, we explore the existing compensation policy and legal system to find further measures and optimization design.On the basis of existing research achievements, we make creative exploration from the following three aspects:Firstly, we build the index system of river basin water resources ecological compensation efficiency, including the comprehensive efficiency, social efficiency,economic efficiency, cultural, and political efficiency. Although river basin water resources ecological compensation is a policy tool for environmental protection and interest adjustment, but it impacts not only the ecology and economy, the society, but alsothe culture, politics. The index system with five dimension can the implementation effect of ecological compensation, and provide a method for the measurement of ecological compensation efficiency.Secondly, we choose four node cities for example, analyze the water resources ecological compensation efficiency in Yangtze River basin, and conduct comparative analysis and coordination degree analysis of the ecological compensation efficiency for the four node cities. The scope of a basin is usually broad, only studying a point cannot fully reflect the actual situation of the whole river basin. In addition, ecological compensation in the upstream midstream and downstream of the river basin is also different. Therefore, we select four node cities of the Yangtze river as examples for the empirical analysis, Yibin in the upstream, Yichang between the upstream and midstream,Jiujiang between the midstream and downstream, and Zhenjiang in the downstream,compare basin ecological compensation efficiency of four node cities, build the distribution density function, and analyze the coordination degree of the ecological compensation efficiency for the four node cities to accumulate foundation for the deeper research.Thirdly, we put forward countermeasures to improve the river basin ecological compensation system from the angle of the watershed region coordinated development,including system elements, technical elements and the between, multiple stakeholders, the factors influencing the efficiency, inter-basin synergism, and resource system and social system to eventually achieve regional coordinated development. The stock interests will be reformed and the incremental interests will be developed, which contribute to the benefit harmony in ecological compensation. Technical elements will be developed from "in stock" to "expansion increment", the policy elements are in the same way, and eventually coordinated development of social system and natural system will be achieved in a region.On the basis of the study, the conclusions are as follows:Firstly, future policy requirement for river basin water resources ecological compensation is under legalization, marketization, systematization, democratization, and coordination. The main problems of river basin water resources ecological compensation are the supply shortage of river basin water resources ecological compensation law,incomplete market mechanism for river basin water resources ecological compensation,inharmonious regional development for ecological compensation, low public participation for river basin water resources ecological compensation, single way of funding source for river basin water resources ecological compensation.Secondly, through empirical analysis, we find that, during 2005-2012, the ecological compensation efficiency of 4 node cities in Yangtze River basin generally is on the rise. In5 dimensional levels, the highest is ecological efficiency, and cultural and political efficiency are relatively low. The water resources ecological compensation efficiency of Yibin, Yichang, Jiujiang and Zhenjiang in 2012 is 0.237515, 0.380154, 0.348089, and0.448914 respectively. The coordinate degree of ecological compensation efficiency for 4node cities is around 0.5, which is low. Future policy demand is to pay attention to the basin coordinated development.Thirdly, based on the above research, we put forward countermeasures of technical elements collaboration, system and technical collaboration, multiple subject collaboration from the perspective of the coordinated development, mainly including legislation of river basin ecological compensation, administrative organization establishment for river basin water resources, establishing river basin water ecological compensation market mechanism, establishing negotiation platform and arbitration system, reforming financial system, promoting the application of ecological water saving technology, playing the carrier role of community in river basin ecological compensation, paying attention to the protection of the rights and interests of farmers, and protecting the continuity of ecological construction. Eventually river basin ecological compensation benefit mechanism will be achieved interests sustainable and coordinated development.In further study, with the constant improvement of river basin ecological compensation system in China, the index system of river basin ecological compensation efficiency measurement also needs to improve. In the implementation of the new system will face different problems, we also need to analyze the problem, and make the system perfect, and promote the health, sustainability, and coordination development of the river basin.