On Ecological Landscaping Tectonics Of Mining Brownfield Parks

Mining brownfield is a kind of brownfields, referring to the land that is out of governance and thus cannot be utilized as a result of destruction and pollution in the processes of mining, ore-dressing and ore-smelting. Therefore, it is called the scars made by the human beings on the surface of the earth. Mining brownfield has brought about critical ecological issues, and thus attracted public attentions in the western industrialized countries more than 100 years ago. Accordingly, the idea of ecological design was put forward and then developed, promoting researches on the mining brownfield and design practice. Due to the delay of the economic development and the restriction of land resources, studies on the mining brownfield are relatively delayed and the introduction of ecological design idea is also late in our country. For the brownfield restoration before the 1980 s, the state mainly concerned with the reclamation of agricultural lands, most of which are returned to forest. During the practice of ecological restoration for the mining brownfield, the National Mine Park was proposed as a concept for the governance of mining brownfield, and it‘s currently the main model in our country. Ecological civilization tectonics has been listed as a national policy in the 18 th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, so that the theory and practice like mine park are not suitable for the requirement of the modern era to the ecological restoration of mining brownfield. Therefore, the concept, design idea and design strategy of the mining brownfield park is innovatively proposed in this paper.Firstly, the basic theories for the ecological tectonics of mining brownfield park are discussed, which consist of landscape ecology, landscape urbanism and ecological succession theory. Landscape ecology provides a new research model for the ecological tectonics of landscape. Landscape urbanism is the trend of design emerged from the architects‘ explorations focusing on the post-industrial era. The ecological concept in this theory is the most applicable to many places in which abandonment and pollution coexist. Based on these considerations, a theoretical framework of ecological tectonics for the landscape in the mining brownfield park is presented.After establishing the basic theory, countermeasures of the ecological tectonics for mining brownfield park based on landscape infrastructure are further proposed. Through ―ecological design‖ and tectonics of artificial nature on the mining brownfield, it can become versatile landscape infrastructure. This enables the ecological tectonics of landscape to be no longer limited to the passive protection of the natural space, but actively search more opportunities for the intersections among natural ecology, social functions and infrastructure features in the design.Countermeasures for landscape tectonics of mining brownfield park based on landscape ecological function are presented in this thesis. The ecological functions of mining brownfield park after the restoration can be classified into five categories:(1)artificial natural landscape patches,(2)mining ruin landscape patches,(3)post-industrial landscape patches,(4)architectural facility landscape patches(entertainment, customer service, administration, etc.),(5)ecological corridor network. As a result, five structural components of the landscape function of the mining brownfield park can be deduced for modular tectonics. The ecological process is included into the brownfield landscape design to construct "artificial nature".The ecological tectonics strategy of the ecological pattern in the mining brownfield park is the ecological design that pursuits a pattern of ecological safety and survival art. The tectonics of ecological pattern enables the tectonics process to become operable ecological logic. Huangshi National Mine Park in Hubei Province is taken as an example to perform an exemplary ecological tectonics. Based on the evaluation and analysis of the present plan, the existing ecological problems are pointed out, and the improved design plan for the ecological pattern is put forward. The purpose of the ecological restoration for landscape is then determined and the overall ecological tectonics pattern of artificial nature is designed based on landscape infrastructure.Through the design study of the mining brownfield park, the following innovative results have been obtained:(1) Basic theories about the concept and ecological tectonics of mining brownfield park are presented;(2) Tectonics strategies for the landscape in the mining brownfield park based on landscape infrastructure are proposed;(3) Tectonics strategies for the landscape in the mining brownfield park based on ecological function are put forward;(4) Tectonics strategies for the landscape in the mining brownfield park based on ecological pattern are proposed.The results obtained in this thesis are of practical and guiding significance to the restoration of substantial mining brownfield and the ecological civilization tectonics of mining city, and also make positive and beneficial contributions to the attempts of conducting novel and further explorations on design theories for the brownfield landscape ecology.