Studies On Urban Form And Planning Method In Loess Plateau Of Northern Shaanxi Based On Fractal Landform

Loess plateau in Northern Shaanxi which is an important part of geomorphic system in the world was one of most significant cradle of Chinese civilization because of its profound traditional culture. In recent years, with the rapid development of social economy and urban construction which was promoted by the energy and chemical industry, the human settlement of loess plateau in Northern Shaanxi faces great challenges in construction. In the hill-gully area of loess plateau, the land resource suitable for construction is scarce due to the limit of topography; as a result, the finite space of valley is filled up by the urban exploration which leads to a series of issues related to ecological, social, cultural and other aspects. Therefore it is urgent to conctrol and to optimize the devlemping model of urban space in loess plateau of Northern Shaanxi.The natural landscape of Northern Shaanxi is unique especially in the world because of its deep loess accumulation and its complex form of river and gully which have obvious fractal characteristics. This typical landform is one of the key ecological factors that restrict and guide the development of human settlement environment in Northern Shaanxi. The urban construction in loess plateau of Northern Shaanxi is very particular and different from that of flat area, because of the complexity of terrain, the transport occlusion, the difficulty of built and its poor economy. In view of the particularity and the complexity of the form of human settlements in the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi, this paper put forward to discuss and research the characteristics, rules, strategies and other issues of urban development in Northern Shaanxi from the perspective of fractal theory and urban space.This article which mainly focuses on the overall urban form, the road net pattern and the local urban texture will reveal the fractal laws of urban form through the analysis of the fractal features and its influencing factors of different urban case with the aid of fractal mathematical model. Then it explores the reasonable urban form and spatial distribution which are more harmonious with natural environment considering fractal efficiency and ecological benefit, and finally proposes a new idea and method for the urban spatial planning and design combining with fractal theory.First of all, this paper compares and evaluates the characteristics and performance of the different urban forms in loess plateau from the perspective of fractal dimension, and so as to reveal the corresponding relationship between the urban form and the fractal dimension and thus propose the strategis of constructing efficient fractal urban space.Secondly, it compares the characteristics between traditional road systems and modern road systems in loess plateau of Northern Shaanxi from the perspective of correlation dimension, and also reveals the differences and its factors, then accordingly proposes the construction mode of modern road system suitable for the situation of Northern Shaanxi.Thirdly, it compares and analysizes the different fractal characteristics of traditional urban open space and modern urban open space from the perspective of fractal order, and uncovers the fractal laws and advantages of traditional urban texture, then consequently puts forward the principles and strategies of layout of urban spatial elements in loess plateau on basis of the demand of modern city.Fourthly, the paper summarizes the developing model of fractal urban form in loess plateau of Northern Shaanxi based on the fractal characteristics of urban space above-mentioned, and discusses how to utilize the fractal thought and methods in the urban planning practices. And then through the analysis of the procedures and methods of urban planning and design, it proposes the method of fractal urban planning and design which are integrated with current framework of urban planning.Finally, it takes the path planning of Mi Zhi urban form as a practical example, and compares and evaluates the different developing paths of urban space in Mi Zhi area from the perspective of fractal theory, so as to exploring the most suitable way of urban expansion and to propose the appropriate form and scales in each developing stage. It also makes a useful attempt for the combination of the fractal theory and urban planning.In conclusion, it has a theoretical significance and practical value to research the fractal characteristics of urban form in Northern Shaanxi for the development of urban planning and other academic fields. But at present, the study on the fractal urban form at level of a city or a block is rarely seen, therefore this paper tries to establish the relationship between fractal theory and urban planning and to provide theoretical basis for the planning of urban form through the analysis of the characteristics of fractal city and the method of fractal planning.