A Study On Agricultural Communication History Between Northeastern China And Russia

The agricultural communication between Northeast China and Russia has300years history, which experienced three booming and two interruption periods. It includes the exchange of agricultural trade, expert communication and technological exchange, which means the visit of agricultural technologists, signing the scientific research cooperation projects and species exchange. Before the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, it mainly depends on trade exchange, while later agricultural trade and technological exchange develop together.China and Russia were not neighboring countries at the beginning, which Russia originally located in Europe. They borders after Russia constantly expanded eastward, what is more Russia invaded Northeast China after signing The Treaty of Nerchinsk between Qing Empire and Russia in1689. During this period Russia began agricultural trade with Northeast China formally. After the Second Opium War Russia forced Qing Dynasty to sign unequal treaties which occupied one million square kilometers Chinese territory in Wusuli river. The agricultural communication between Northeast China and Russia has been unequal in this period, but it has been improved because of immigration policy and land opening-up policy.With the building of China-Eastern Railway, more and more immigrants surged into Russia far east, and agricultural products demand couldn’t meet supply, which made Northeast China the base of agricultural supply, at the same time stimulated agricultural economy development. During this period lots of Chinese products exported to Russia, such as soybean, grain, cattle and tea, on the other hand Russia initiated various processing of agricultural products and exported agricultural varieties, machinery to Northeast China.After the October Revolution, Sino-Russia or Sino-USSR communication present tortuous development trend. Northeast China has kept agricultural exchange with Russia before the September18th incident; while after the incident it has become the colony of Japanese imperialism, and cut the exchange gradually. During the War of Liberation, Northeast liberated area began to trade with USSR after consultation and signed three agricultural trade contracts from1946to1949, which put emphasis on the exchange of daily military-rated products and laid the foundation for national liberation.Sino-USSR agricultural communication carried out under a particular historical background in the early days after the founding of New China. At the time, New China was backward in economy and plagued by disasters. Western capitalist country imposed blockage and embargo on China. China has no choice but to cooperate with the USSR in all fields. After signing The Sino-USSR Treaty of Mutual Friendly Alliance, both sides carried out cooperation. The state-owned friendship farm was set up in China in the early days after the founding of New China, which all the farming machinery and experts were provided by the former USSR.After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, agricultural products developed rapidly for the full implementation of the rural household contract responsibility system, at the same time reform and the open policy also served for agricultural communication between Northeast China and Russia. The main content of Sino-Russia cooperation was to retain consultants and experts from Russia, to exchange students and visiting scholars, to exchange information and trade from Russia.On the whole, the agricultural communication between Northeast China and Russia has300years history, which presents the characteristic of intermittent, discontinuity, international market dominated, lack of autonomy, blindness and lack of planning. Whether it carried out trade exchange or expert communication, it has make achievements and has played a positive role in promoting economic and social development in different historical stages between the two countries. There are many factors to influence the communication between Northeast China and Russia. First of all, geographical factor plays an important role. China and Russia are good neighbors sharing border lines of more than4300kilos in eastern areas. There are vast of land, highways and railways, besides Russian far east area is far from the most developed and political center part. In a word, it is convenient for the two countries to communicate and cooperate in agriculture. Secondly, political factor is the basis and premise for carrying out friendly relationship of two countries. It also affects agricultural communication. The treaties signed by two countries have legal effect and guide their communication. Thirdly, two countries can complement in economy, such as the exchange of Russian fur and Chinese tea. At present, because of the difference in the number of population and land area, they can exchange agricultural labor force. At last, cultural factor has influence on agricultural communication. Chinese nation is deeply influenced by Confucian teachings which pay more attention to self-surrender and etiquette while Russian nation has her double characters.In modern times, many problems exposed with the gradual development of agricultural communication. The dissertation analyses problems from the perspective of agricultural communication in science and technology, and agricultural trade exchange. It also put forward some suggestions.