Research On Germplasm Resources Characteristic And Genetic Relationship For Wild European Plum (Prunus Domestica L.)

The endangered fruit trees Wild European Plum was used as research object in this paper. The primary distributing area and present situation for the Wild European Plum resource was investigated and consolidated. The characteristic of the resource was researched and analyzed, base on the existing foundation. The Genetic Relationship of Wild European Plum was discussed on foundation of palynology and SSR molecular markers. It is hoped to provide theoretical basis for discussing the evolutionary path, protecting developing and using this resource. The means results are as follows:There are only seven primary distributing areas for Wild European Plum. The total quantity for mature tree is less than 1000. Some distributing areas only have the stump which was chopped down. It is seriously endangered. The situation of natural propagation for Wild European Plum is worse. There have some obstacles in reproduction. The resource and habitat need seriously protection.The Wild European Plum is shrub or small arbor.Its’ root, branch, leaf, flower, fruit, seed have the fundamental morphology as the plant for Prunus and own characteristics. The stag for florescence phenology are as follows:scale period, sepal baring period, petal baring period, initial blooming period, full blooming period, bloom falling period.The average of the pollen number was 141.25 per anther. The first day after collection,the germination rate of Wild European Plum pollen is 48.8%. There was no germination at the 15th day. Bees and butterflies were main flower-visiting insects of Wild European Plum.15 days after pollination on Wild European Plum, all have fruit set. The highest fruit set rate is 66.5% for the cross-pollination. Many Wild European Plums have two ovaries which has one abortion in the development process. The reproductive modes of Wild European Plums are seed propagation, root sucker propagation, tissue culture propagation, cutting propagation. Considering the economic, effects, reproductive cycle, root sucker propagation and cutting propagation are better reproductive modes for Wild European Plum propagation.Equatorial view of Wild European Plum pollen is long oval. Polar view is trilobation round. Wild European Plum pollen has 3 germ pores. The exine ornamentation is striate with perforation. The character of exine ornamentation is more original. The cluster analysis showed that:Wild European Plum went together with Prunus spinosa L., european plum cultivars and european plum cultivars in XinJiang. It showed that they had closer genetic relationship.The SSR marker on seven Wild European Plum eco-geographical populations results showed that ten pairs of SSR primers have 96 bands and the polymorphic loci (P) ration was 17.71%. Ne, Nei’s and Shannon’s information index showed that the polymorphic loci was less and the genetic diversity of Wild European Plum was poor. The Ht, Hs, Nei’s Gst showed that the genetic variation within population was higher than that between the populations. The Nm for Wild European Plum was 0.7804. The genetic similarity was 0.9750 which showed some genetic variation within the populations. The genetic distance was 0.0254 which indicate that there was closer genetic relationship within the Wild European Plum populations. The genetic relationship between Sandui east and Sandui west is closer. The genetic relationship between Sandui east and Yiligedai is far. When the stratified clustering distance was 0.02, seven populations were divided two groups. Yiligedai population is one group, other population from Xinyuan is another group. When the genetic similarity coefficient was 0.75, the results of SSR maker clustering showed the materials were divided three groups. The Wild European Plum went together with Prunus spinosa L. and Suanmei (cultivars in XinJiang). It showed that they had the same genetic background and closer genetic relationship.