Diversity And Influencing Factor Of Meso-soil Animal Under Farm Land Of Black Soil

Soil animal is the important component in soil ecosystem; it is thepivot in both substantial and energy cycle. Soil animal plays an importantrole in decomposition of organism residue, improvement of soilenvironment and promotion of substantial and energy cycle.therelationship between soil animal community and soil environment isclosed. The function and structure of soil animal community areimportant in soil ecosystem. The research about soil animal communitycould provide suggestion to improve the agro-ecosystem.The study was carried out on long-term experiment plots at the HailunExperimental Station of Agro Ecology, Heilongjiang province, China.Researches were about meso-soil fauna in different rotation system,different land-use type, different tillage system and different fertilization.Individual number, family number, community structure, diversity andvertical distribution were investigated. The result showed that: thediversity index, abundance index and evenness index of rotation systemfield was highest, but the dominance index of rotation system field waslowest. Diversity and stability of rotation system was better than the othertwo continuous cropping systems. The species number and individualnumber of soil animal and oribatid were lower than grass land and farm land. The number of rare group in grass land was more than farm landand bare land, The surface accumulative phenomenon in bare land wasunapparent，and The surface accumulative phenomenon in grass land andfarm land were significant, but the vertical distribution in farm land moremollify than grass land. The highest diversity and the best stabilityexisted in grass land, the diversity and stability was lower in farm landlowest in bare land. The individual number in reduced tillage was higherthan the other two tillage system, but the family number in no-tillage washigher than reduced tillage system and conventional tillage system. Thesurface accumulative phenomenon existed in both no-tillage and reducedtillage. Compared with conventional, conservation tillage system wasbenefited to the environment protection of agro-ecosystem. Fertilizationcaused the changes of soil animal individual number, but fertilization hada little effect on the family number of soil animal. The chemical fertilizerdecreased the individual number of soil animal. The diversity of the soilfauna in the farmland was related to the fertilization method. The stableSoil fauna community was benefited from the organic manure Utilize,and The surface accumulative phenomenon was kept better cause thesame reason, so organic manure utilize can protect the environment ofagro-ecosystem better than chemical fertilization.