The Research Of Soil Animal Community With Different Land Uses In Urban Ecosystem

One character of urban ecosystem is the change of land use and it lead to the change of environment. Soil animal is an important constituent in urban ecosystem and play an important role in substance cycling and energy flowing. Soil animal can sensitively react to the change of land use and environment. The impacts of land use type on the community structure of soil animals has become one of the hot research topics in ecology.The sampling sites chosen for this study included six urban greenlands with different land uses in Shanghai, namely industry area, landfill, arboretum, school, greenland at roadside and residential area. From 2005 to 2006, the soil animal communities in the litter and soil in industry area (for all seasons), landfill, arboretum, school, greenland at roadside and residential area (only for spring and summer) were investigated. The contents of nutrients and heavy metals in the litter and soil were also tested. The influences on the community structure of soil animals by different land use type are discussed and the correlations between the change of environment and soil animals communities are analyzed. The research results are as follows:1. The soil animal communities of Shanghai mainly consist of Nematoda, Acarina, Collembola, Enchytraeidae, Turbellaria, Rotatoria. There are differences among the soil animal communities with different land uses. The sequence of group number is C>A>B=D>E=F. The sequence of total density is A>B>C>F>E>D. The density sequences of different functional groups are different. Diplura can be the indicator of landfill differed from other land uses.2. The vertical distribution of soil animals with different land uses is obvious. The numbers of groups and density in the litter layers are smaller than those in soil. The ratios of acarina and collembola in litter layers are larger than those in soil except school. The number of groups and density are mainly in the 0-5cm soil layer and decrease with the depth of soil. In industry area, school and residential area soil animal sometimes increase with the depth of soil.3. The seasonal changes of different functional groups with different land uses are different. The density change of industry area is autumn > spring > summer > winter. The density change of landfill, school, greenland at road side and residensial area is autumn > spring. The density change of arboretum is on the contrary. The group number change of industry area is summer > autumn > spring=winter. The group number change of landfill and arboretum is spring > autumn. The group number change of other plots is on the contrary. 4. Diversity indices of soil animal communities are different with different land uses. The shannon-Wiener diversity index and pielou eveness index of industry area are the lowest. The simpson dominant index of industry area is the biggest. The shannon-Wiener diversity index and pielou eveness index of arboretum is the biggest. The simpson dominant index of arboretum is the lowest. The marglef abundance index of greenland at road side is the lowest and arboretum is the biggest. Among these diversity indices, the density-group index can express the richness and complexity of soil animal communities. The sequence of the density-group index of soil animals with six kind of land uses are F>B >C >A >D >E.5. The results of cluster analysis are different with different functional groups of soil animal. The cluster result of the macrofauna is different with the results of other functional groups. The soil animal community of 15 habitats can be classified into 8 types according to all soil animals and into 5 types according to soil macrofauna and 6 types according to soil animals extracted by Tullgren. The soil animal community in the litter layers of 9 habitats can be classified into 5 types.6. The person correlation analysis of environment data and soil animal is done. In litter layer, the environment factors which their correlations are very significant with many soil animals are the content of Zn,Cu, Pb, P. TOC is only significant with one kind of soil animal. The pH value and the content of N,Cd have no significant relationship with soil animals. In soil, the environment factors which their correlations are very significant with many soil animals are the content of N, organic matter and four kinds of heavy metals. The pH value and the content of P have no significant relationship with soil animals. The environment of litter layer and soil has great relation with soil animals.7. The Oribatida are the major soil mites in six kind of land use type in Shanghai. The Oribatida is the major soil mite of 13 habitats except the shrub type in school and the plot just reclaimed in landfill. In Oribatida, the major oribatida is Poronota. From the sequence of soil mites in the 15 habitats, Oribatida suborder is more regular than the other two suborders. In the MGP analysis of soil Oribatida, The Macropyline is the major Oribatida in landfill and school. The Poronota is the major Oribatida in arboretum. In other habitats, the Macropyline is the major Oribatida in the tree type of industry area and greenland at road side and the grassland type of residential area. The Poronota is the major Oribatida in the shrub type of industrial area and the grassland type of industry area and greenland at road side.