| Helan Mountain is Boundary between temperate zone gressland and desert of western country, meanwhile it is also the hub connecting Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Mongolian Plateau, North China plantage and unique geographic location, duing to landform, physical geography and diversity of ecosystem, It have been abundant macrofungi resources. The thesis research the diversity of species and ecological, floristic geography and nutrient composition of some edible fungus in Helan Mountain in Ningxia. It was studied systematically by the methods of traditional plant taxonomy and ecology, and the results showed:1. The results of the species diversity showed that:The combined method of macroscopic characteristics, microstructure and chemical reagent was used to analysis the706specimens collected and212species fungi were identified. And the habitat, distribution and economic value were described. These fungi belong to16ordo,29familia,69genus. Among them there are Ascomycetes2ordo,4familia,4genus,9species, basidiomycotas14ordo,25familia,65genus,203species. And in which79species were identified as new record in Ningxia.2. The results of the ecological diversity showed that:The212fungi identified were divided into three categories of saprophyte bacteria, bacterial parasite of plant, exotrophic mycorrhiza by the study of the habitat and ecological habits. The saprophyte bacteria could be divided into autochthonism fungi, timber decayed fungi, fallen leaves and grass decayed fungi, shit decayed fungi. In addition, some species lived on two different habitat. The numbers of these fungi were:99saprophyte bacteria,41timber decayed fungi,3fallen leaves and grass decayed fungi,4shit decayed fungi,3bacterial parasite of plant,37exotrophic mycorrhiza,20autochthonism and exotrophic mycorrhiza,5autochthonism and timber decayed fungi.3. The results of floristic geography showed that:the floristic elements of fungi in Helan Mountain in Ningxia were very rich. There were4genus59species which had more than10kinds of composition, and which accounted for27.83%of the total fungi in Helan Mountain. There were10genus57species which had5～10kinds of composition, and which accounted for26.89%of the total fungi. There were55genus96species which had less than5kinds of composition, and which accounted for45.28%of the total fungi. There were18genus in the world wide distribution and15genus in the north temperate zone distribution in69genus. From the composition of species:there were36species in the cosmopolitan which accounted for16.98%of the total species; and56species in the north temperate zone distribution which accounted for26.42%of the total species. And there were21species in E. Asia&N. America disjuncted distribution which accounted for9.91%of the total species;7species in China&Japan distribution which accounted for3.30%of the total species;17species in Eurasia distribution which accounted for8.02%of the total species. The results showed that the fungi’s flora in Helan Mountain in Ningxia showed obvious north temperate floristic characteristics.4. The results of edible fungi showed that:there were137kinds of wild edible fungi in Helan Mountain in Ningxia. And52kinds of them were delicious and in which19kinds could be produced. The results of nutrient composition showed that:The content of crude protein was from13.25%to51.52%, and the average content was30%±which was10%±higher than the cultivated species. The content of crude fat was from0.68%to6.22%, and the average content was4.30%±which was closed to the cultivated species. The content of starch was from1.06%to13.79%, and the average content was5.09%±. The content of soluble sugar was from1.18%to15.32%, and the average content was5,66%±. The content of reducing sugar was from1.02%to14.89%, and the average content was4.90%±. The ash content was from8.46%to19.02%, and the average content was13.95%±which was5.81%±higher than the cultivated species. |
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