| The classification of edible and medicinal macro fungi in Helan Mountain was discussed.According to macroscopic and microscopic characteristics,a key list of Helan Mountain macro fungi was compiled.The fruiting body characteristics,the spore characteristics and the altitude on morphological characteristics of fungi were analyzed.The factors affecting the culture of Suillus plorans were studied.In order to investigate the diversity of wild fungi in Helan mountain in Inner Mongolia,more than 4 000 materials were collected in 2012-2016 years,Samples were taken from the South Temple of Helan Mountain and the Hara Wu ditch.Each of the two sample plots was investigated by five people from the entrance of the valley.After gene sequence and ITS microcosmic morphology observation,189 wild species was identified,and they belonged to 8 orders,25 families,69 genera.The fruiting body morphological,the surface characteristics of the cap,the appendage characteristics of the cap,the characteristics of the stalk,and the gill characteristics of the cap were analyzed.The following conclusions were obtained:Similarities exists between different fruiting body.Phenotypic diversity also exists in the same germ fruiting bodies.The morphological characteristics of fruiting bodies and their constituent parts are independent of each other.Four constituent parts'characteristics showed that intraspecific diversity was less than interspecific diversity.The morphological characteristics of the cap and the gill were significantly or extremely significant correlated with the overall characteristics of the fruiting body.The morphological characteristics of cap appendages and stalk didn't correlate with fruiting body.This result indicates that there is scientific basis for the identification of some species by the specific morphological characteristics of fruiting bodies and the morphological characteristics of each part.It provides a basic basis for classification.Additionally,141,44,and 4 species showed low,middle,and high diversity,respectively.The morphological characteristics,surface characteristics and length width ratio of spore were analyzed,and the following conclusions were obtained.In quality traits,sporophyte morphology and surface characteristics are independent of each other.In quantitative traits,the spore length width ratio,the spore extreme ratio and the average ratio have consistency and correlation characteristics,showing the stability of the sporophyte quantitative characteristics,but the sporophyte physique and quantitative traits are very strong.It provides a basic basis for classification.According to the low,middle,and high diversity;the number of species is 152,26,11 respectively.In the range of 1,900-2,650m above sea level of Helan Mountain,the elevation value does not affect the overall characteristics of the fruiting body,nor does it affect the morphological feature diversity of each component part of the fruiting body.Elevation values did not affect the overall morphology and surface characteristics of the macrofungi spores(the ornamentation on the spores),and did not significantly affect the length-to-width ratios of the macrospores and microspores respectively,but the extreme ratio and average ratio of the macrospores were significantly correlated.The study of the culture characteristics of S.plorans showed that,considering single factor,the optimal pH value was 5.5 and the optimal temperature was 20-26?.Compared with other carbon source,the effect of glucose and maltose mixture was the best,explaining S.plorans to the use of a reducing sugar is good.Fructose which affect the growth of colony diameter was better than the other three carbon source.The influence of fructose is very significant.The effect of nitrogen source(yeast extract and asparagine)was better than that of peptone and potassium nitrate,but not significant.The effect of pH and temperature on diameter was not significant in the range set by the experiment.The interaction between carbon source and nitrogen source showed that the combination of carbon source 1(glucose+maltose)and nitrogen source 1(peptone)had a significant effect on the growth diameter of the colony.Orthogonal experiments verified the influence of each factor on the weight of colony growth:temperature,pH value and nitrogen source were not significant factors,while carbon source:glucose+maltose was significant factor. |
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