| The scholars, both at home and abroad, have been focusing on the effects of weaning stress on bowel structure damage and repair. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism of weaning stress to the intestinal epithelium cells damage and thereby explore the repair process with nutrient treatment. It may lay the foundation for the further development of intestinal protection and restoration agent during early weaning.The piglets (Duroc×Landrace×Large Yorkshire strain) were weaned,and the same proportion of males and females was used. The piglets were randomly assigned into the control group and treatment groups based on their body weitht and litters. The piglets in control group were fed with basal diet or basal diet with antibiotics, and the piglets in treatment group were fed with the basal diet supplemented different level of nutrients including butyrin, glutamine, compound organic acids, Clostridium Butyricum or its complex. Results are as follows:Experiment of butyrin supplementation:(1) Compared with the control group,0.15%butyrin supplementation greatly increased the average daily gain by10.24%, decreased the feed conversion ratio by6.62%, and reduced diarrhea piglets rate by49.36%for the entire experiment.(2) Compared with control group,0.15%butyrin supplementation significantly increased the height of the intestinal villus, decreased the intestinal crypt depth, and improved the ratio of villus height to crypt depth. Compared with0.08%butyrin supplementation,0.15%butyrin supplementation showed better productive performance and ameliorative effects on intestinal structure.Experiment of glutamine (Gln) supplementation:The average daily gain was significantly increased by1%Gln supplementation during21-42days of age in weaned piglets, and the absorption of D-xylose was significantly improved. Gln treatment decreased diarrhea incidence and urea nitrogen level, and inhibited the reduction of disaccridase activity, villus height, and crypt depth in the small intestine.The results of scanning electron microscope showed that1%Gln supplementation significantly reduced the shrinkage and damage of small intestinal epithelium cells of the Piglets compared with those in the control group. The villus development in control group was improved7days post-weaning. Gln treatment elevated ATP and NO concentration of in the small intestinal mucosa. The levels of NO in the duodenal and jejunal mucosa increased by47.5%(P<0.05) and43.38%(P<0.05), respectively, in the Gin group than those in the control group. The cAMP level in the duodenal mucosa was significantly different between the Gln group and the control group at3days post-weaning. No significant difference was found in the other phases. The difference of cAMP level was not significant in the jejunum at various stages.Experiment of compound organic acid supplementation:By bacteriostatic circle test, lactic acid, citric acid, malic acid, and tartaric acid were used as the organic compound acidification agent source. The antibacterial compatibility combination, which reduced the acid cohesion force of the feed, was selected through orthogonal test. Compared with the control group,0.25%compound acid combinations supplementation significantly decreased the acid cohesion force of feed. Based on the property of antibacterial,the acid cohesion, and the dispersion, three compound acid combinations were employed in piglet production. Results of productive performance indicated that there was no significant difference betteween the antibiotics group and acidulant group. DGGE map analysis showed that the diversity of bacteria in compound organic acids group was superior to antibiotics groups, but the diffirence is not significant (P>0.05).Experiment of Clostridium Butyricum supplementation:the vitro studies showed that Clostridium Butyricum had significantly inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli when mixing them at the ratios of1:1,5:1,10:1100:1in the triangle bottle. Clostridium Butyricum had significantly inhibitory effect on Clostridium perfringens when mixing them at the ratios of1:1,5:1,10:1100:1in the triangle bottle. Clostridium Butyricum and Clostridium perfringens which mix proportions were1:1,5:1,10:1in the logarithm growth period increased by75.98%,172.14%compared with the control group.The application of the study on weaned piglets showed that the average daily gain in Clostridium Butyricum group was significantly greater than that in the control group.The diarrhea rate was lower in Clostridium Butyricum group, but it had no significant difference compared with the control group.The number of Escherichia coli in Clostridium Butyricum group was less than that in the control group at each stage.whereas the number of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium were greater, but there was no significant difference. Compared with the control, crypt depth in the small intestine had a decreased trend in Clostridium Butyricum group at7and14days post-weaning. Clostridium Butyricum treatment increased duodenal villus height significantly at7days post-weaning. The activities of lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase were significantly greater in Clostridium Butyricum group than control group at14days after weaning. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the serum of Clostridium Butyricum group were higher than the control group at7days after weaning.Results showed that the feed intake and average daily gain increased significantly while the feed special for weaned piglet was supplemented with the combination of butyrin, glutamine, compound organic acids, and Clostridium Butyricum in appropriate doseSummarily, butyrin and glutamine promote intestinal villi growth as one of the essential energy resources. Compound organic acids and Clostridium Butyricum inhibit the harmful germs, improve the proliferation of dominant bacterial, and maintain the intestinal microecology balance, which contributes to intestinal health. Thus, the product, combining butyrin, glutamine, compound organic acids, and Clostridium Butyricum, possesses the anti-weaning stress and intestinal repair function and will be sure to have board market. |
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