The Study On Grassland Resources Utilization And Management In Institution Perspective

The natural grassland in Northern China is the important national animal husbandry production base and ecological barrier. In the late1960s, large areas of grassland in Northern China started degenerating. In the meantime, with the implementation of grassland protection measures, the animal husbandry-based grassland economic system entered the development bottleneck. As the herdsmen’s living pressure increased, the grassland was in the multidimensional dilemmas, including ecological environment deterioration, limited economic development, and difficulty in herdsmen’s income increase. Unreasonableresource utilization patterns such as over grazing, estrepement, coyoting, etc. were regarded as the major driving force of grassland deterioration. However, the fundamental problem relied on the disordered management and speculative use caused by improper institutional measures. Probing into the utilization problem and management strategy of grassland resources from the perspective of institution can make practical proposals for reasonable grassland resources utilization, adaptive management measures establishment, and marginal adjustment.This paper takes BaiYin tin le pasture of Xilin Gol League in Inner MongoliaAutonomous Region as the study area and takes family ranch as the basic unit, to analyze the resources utilization and management problem of family ranches under the existing institutional pattern from three perspectives such as the urgency of grassland adaptive management, the ethological differentiation mechanism of grassland resources utilization, and the influence of grassland utilization, so as to provide scientific evidence for the institutional innovation of grassland resources management with empirical research.1. Urgency of The Grassland Adaptive Management Based on The C Interfaces within Pratacultural System——The Fluctuation and Influence of Market Prices of Grass and livestock Products in Pastoral AreaBy means of making a empirical study on the price fluctuation of grass and Livestock products as well as on its influence on the production and benefit of household ranch in the pastoral area under forage and animal balance management, this paper provides new evidence for the grassland adaptive management of the C interface within pratacultural system through selecting typical areas to make investigation on households and statistical data analysis.Research finds that forage and animal balance management intensifies the inner contradictions of animal number managed husbandry. Due to the limited carrying capacity, herdsman cannot make a decision when livestock products price was rising. Besides, as the quantitative management of production system views the ratified carrying capacity as important reference, there is not only a wide gap between the production expectation of the households and reality, but also a huge difficulty in the increase of benefit. In the markup process of grass and livestock product price, greater pressure has been posed on forage and animal balance management due to larger increase of cost, reduction of individual animal profit. Therefore, adjustment of adaptive management policy is urgently required to relieve the pressure on the grassland ecological management.2. The behavior differentiation mechanism of grassland resources utilization and management Strategy of householdsin typical steppe regionAccording to the sample data and statistical information of the investigation on herdsmen, this paper researches the behavior differentiationmechanism and management strategies of grassland resources utilization among households. The results show that, due to the different scales of livestock, there are differences in financing, pasture transference, and overload operation of households; when carrying out regression about the panel data production function model of households via dividing into large-households group and small-households group, grouping differences exist in returns to scale and the elasticity of production factors. The quantitative analysis of households productionbehavior indicates that, the immanent mechanism of households behavioral difference in grassland resources utilization refers to the difference in relevanceamong households financing capacity, production behavior, and grassland resource utilization behavior based on the special asset properties of livestock, and external driving conditions refer to the market-featured management and the grass-livestock balance management. As contradiction exists between present grassland system management policy and households different behaviors, this paper puts forward several targeted policy recommendations:establish the pasture transference allowance systemto improve the current situation; consider households overload behavior difference, mitigate the punishment of illegaloverload, and focus on the management of legal overload limitation; develop modern ecological animal husbandry, strengthen skill training of animal husbandry and employment training of non-animal husbandry, etc.3. Influence of grassland resources utilization of households Based on the NDVI Value and Livestock Production IndexBy taking the typical grassland of Xilinguole League in Inner Mongolia as the research region, this paper researches the NDVI value and livestock production index as well as their relations based on household ranch, it also analyzes the different influence of grassland resources ranch on the households variation pasture scale. The results show that, the NDVI value of household pasture during2000to2010presented a tendency of climbing up first and then declining, and2004was the turning point; the NDVI value with large scaled production was relatively higher, and that with small scaled production was relatively lower; during the study period, the mean NDVI of sample households was related to cross-section data sequence of mean annual production, and the mean NDVI showed a reverse trend with the production per square kilometer. At last, the paper makes the following proposals:improve the property rights system of prairie pastoral area; guide households ranches for large-scaled production and management mode, to avoid distributive overgrazing formed by scale differentiation; the grass-livestock balance management should consider the control of the production per square kilometer of household ranch; establish the correlation among different fields and different interfaces based on regional study and empirical approach, to make tangibleadaptive management proposals for the grazing production system with the household unit.