Study On Grassland Ecological Compensation Mechanism In Inner Mongolia Pastoral Areas

China is rich in grassland resources, with a total area of more than400million hectares, rankingsecond in the world. However,90%of the nation’s grassland appeared different degree of desertification,degradation and salinization because of blind development and excessive utilization in recent years. Asan important ecological protection barrier of north China, Inner Mongolia’s grassland degradation ismore serious, the deterioration of grassland ecological environment is severe. Against such background,this paper took Inner Mongolia pastoral grassland ecological compensation mechanism as researchobject so as to restore and improve grassland ecosystem, providing institutional guarantee forharmonious development of ecological, economic and social benefits.The content and conclusion of this research mainly includes following aspects:(1) Reviewed andcomb the grassland ecological compensation research results at home and abroad, and then analyzedpublic goods attribute, externality and property rights of grassland based on ecological, economics andother related the theories, laying a theoretical basis for the grassland ecological compensationmechanism.(2) From the aspects of grassland degradation, ecosystem services and strategic position toanalyze the necessity on the establishment of grassland ecological compensation mechanism. It isconcluded that China has owned economic strength, political will and technical support to implementgrassland ecological compensation mechanism through the analysis on China’s fiscal investment, issuedpolicies and regulations as well as successful practice both at home and abroad.(3) In order to build aframework of grassland ecological mechanism suitable for Inner Mongolia pastoral area, this paperanalyzed and assessed Inner Mongolia two pastoral ecological governance engineering of Beijing andTianjin sandstorm source control and returning grazing to grass, and found that there existed suchproblems as single compensation subjects, low compensation standard, small compensation range, weakinput and backward regulatory system.(4)This paper used Probit Model to analyze herdsmen’ssatisfaction degree on grassland ecological management project by sample data, and used discretevariable mathematic formula to calculate herdsmen’s willingness expected mean value on returninggrazing to grass project was137.15yuan per mu per year. Determining grassland ecologicalcompensation standard should not only consider central government’s investment intensity, but also takeherdsmen’s loss cost into account. This paper, based on survey data, from the perspective of herdsmen,analyzed which factors would affect grassland ecological compensation standard, and found thatherdsmen’s social, economic and physical characteristics would affect compensation standard settingthrough econometric model analysis.(5)This paper established grassland ecological compensationmechanism framework on the basis of empirical analysis, using stakeholder analysis method todetermine compensation subjects and object, analyzing compensation range according to grasslandecosystem characteristics, using opportunity cost method to determine compensation standard learned from foreign successful experience.This paper presented compensation guarantee mechanism shouldstrengthen and improve legal safeguard mechanism, public participation mechanism, supervision andmanagement mechanism as well as performance evaluation mechanism so as to consolidate the existingresults and provide effective protection for subsequent implementation.(6)The effective implementationof grassland ecological compensation mechanism of Inner Mongolia pastoral area depends onsupporting institution and relevant policy system. In terms of strengthening institutional infrastructure,this paper brings forward that firstly, improve legal system of grassland ecological compensation;secondly, build coordination mechanism in grassland administrative department; thirdly, strengthen thesupervision and management; fourthly, establish public participation system; fifthly, vigorously promotethe establishment of green national economic accounting system; sixthly, strengthen the construction ofgrassland protection research support ability. In terms of perfecting government compensationmechanism, promoting construction market compensation mechanism, we should firstly, continue toimprove the fiscal transfer payment system; secondly, broaden ecological compensation fund raisingchannels; thirdly, optimize the organization and management of ecological compensation system;fourthly, actively participate in international environmental and ecological cooperation; fifthly, deepengrassland property management system; sixthly, enrich grassland ecological compensationmarketization operation model; seventhly, adjust industry structure of Inner Mongolia pastoral area.