| The study was carried out from2010to2012in experiment base of Shanxi Agriculture University in Wen xi. A field test was carried out to study the effect of three advance technology mode on soil water storage. In order to efficiently use soil water of deep depth by three advance technology in fallow, we study that the effect of different sowing method based on three advance technology mode on soil water storage at the depth of0-300cm (taking20cm as a soil layer), agronomic traits of dryland wheat, the characteristics of nitrogen absorption and accumulation, formation of yield and quality in dryland wheat. We also study that the effect of mulch regulation technology based on deep tillage mode on soil water storage at the depth of0-300cm, the characteristics of nitrogen absorption and accumulation, formation of yield and quality in dryland wheat. Our object was to explore a new soil moisture conservation cultivation integrated technology and provide theoretical basis for high yield and quality in dryland wheat. The major results were as follows:1The effect of drought adversity cultivation technology mode in dryland wheat on soil waterThree advance technology mode in dryland wheat could increase water storage efficiency more than50%, significantly decrease soil evaporation amount, increase precipitation potential use efficiency and precipitation use efficiency. It could also improve soil water storage before sowing at the depth of0-300cm (20cm as a soil layer), especially soil water storage at the deep soil layer. Three advance technology deep tillage mode in30days after wheat harvest could increase soil water storage at the depth of80-200cm more than10%and subsoiling mode could increase soil water storage at the depth of40-200cm more than12%. Three advance technology subsoiling mode (SSM) in30days after wheat harvest could increase soil water storage at the depth of80-180cm more than11%. Three advance technology mode could significantly improve soil water storage at the depth of0-300cm from wintering stage to heading stage and water use efficiency. The above results all suggested that the effect by SSM was better than that of DTM and the best tillage stage was30days after wheat harvest. Whole film mulch (WFM) technology based on three advance technology DTM could increase soil water storage before sowing8.48%.Film covering soil hole sowing (FSH) and film mulch (FM) method based on three advance technology DTM and subsoiling mode compared to furrow sowing (FS), wide precision seeding (WPS) and drilling sowing (DS) could significantly improve soil water storage at the depth of0-300cm from wintering stage to heading stage and water use efficiency. The effect of soil moisture conservation by FSH was better than FM. WFM technology based on three advance technology DTM could increase soil water storage at the depth of0-300cm from wintering stage to heading stage and FM coordinated WFM had better effects.In thus, three advance technology mode in30days after wheat harvest could efficiency use precipitation in fallow. FSH coordinated SSM had better soil moisture conservation effects. WFM technology based on three advance technology DTM had obviously regulation effect on soil water storage and the effects of FM coordinated WFM was best.2The effect of drought adversity cultivation technology mode in dryland wheat on N accumulation charactersThree advance technology could significantly improve the N accumulation amount of each grow stage, N transshipment amount before anthesis and N accumulation amount after anthesis, N absorbtion efficiency, N harvest index and N productive efficiency. The effect of SSM above results was better. FSH and FM based on three advance technology compared to FS, WPS and DS could increase N storage in wintering stage, elognation stage, heading stage. The cultivation technology mode could also increase N accumulation amount of each grow stage, N absorption amount of each grow period and its ratio from emerging to elognation and from anthesis to maturity, N transshipment amount before anthesis and N accumulation amount after anthesis, N absorption efficiency, N harvest index and N productive efficiency. The effect of FSH or FM based on SSM above results was better. WFM technology based on three advance technology DTM benefit to N accumulation and the effect of FM coordinated WFM was better than FS, DS.In thus, FSH and FM coordinated three advance technology SSM could promote N accumulation and transshipment. WFM technology based on three advance technology DTM had obviously regulation effect on N accumulation the effects of FM coordinated WFM had benefit to N absorption.3The effect of drought adversity cultivation technology mode in dryland wheat on yield formationThree advance technology in dryland wheat could significantly improve spike, grain number per spike,1000-grain weight and yield. The effect of SSM was better than DTM and the effect in30days after wheat harvest was better. DTM in30days after wheat harvest could increase yield30.23%and SSM could increase35.06%. DTM and SSM in60days after wheat harvest could respectively increase27.68%and30.27%. FSH and FM based on three advance technology compared to other sowing method could improve stems population tillers, spike number and yield. The effect of FSH based on SSM above results was better. WFM technology based on three advance technology DTM and coordinate FM could increase21.69%compared to DS.In thus, three advance technology mode could optimize yield components and the effect of SSM in30days after wheat harvest was better. FSH coordinated SSM increase yield by increasing spike number. FM coordinated WFM could obtain the high yield.4The effect of drought adversity cultivation technology mode in dryland wheat on starch formation, grain quality formationThree advance technology SSM in dryland wheat compared to DTM could improve the soluble sugar content, sucrose content, starch content and starch accumulation amount. FM based on three advance technology compared to FS, DS could increase soluble sugar content, sucrose content, starch content in filling stage and the effect of FM coordinated SSM was better.Three advance technology SSM in dryland wheat compared to DTM could decrease proline content in flag leaf after anthesis, grain proline content in grain from5to150days, improve GS activity in flag leaf after anthesis and GS activity in grain from5to10days, decrease GDH activity in flag leaf from5to10days and GDH activity in grain from5to15days. FM based on three advance technology compared to FS, DS could decrease proline content in flag leaf after anthesis, grain proline content in grain from5to150days, increase GS activity in flag leaf and grain after anthesis, decrease GDH activity in flag leaf and grain after anthesis. The effect of FM coordinated SSM was better.Three advance technology in dryland wheat could significantly increase grain protein content and its components content in addition to globulin content, grain yield and the effect of SSM was better DTM. The effect in30days after wheat harvest compared to60days after wheat harvest was better. FM based on three advance technology compared to other sowing method could grain components content in addition to globulin content, the ratio of Glu/Gli, grain protein content and protein yield. It could also improve sedimentation value, wet gluten and dry gluten content. The effect of FM coordinated SSM was better. WFM technology based on three advance technology DTM could benefit to grain protein accumulation and the effect of FM coordinate WFM was better.In thus, three advance technology SSM could promote starch accumulation, benefit to grain formation, improve grain quality and the effect of FM coordinated SSM was better. WFM technology based on three advance technology DTM had obviously regulation effect and FM coordinate WFM could benefit to improve quality.The results above indicated FSH and FM coordinated three advance technology mode could effectively use precipitation in fallow period and growing stage, greatly store the precipitation, optimize yield constitution, obtain high yield. FM coordinated SSM could obtain the high yield and good quality because of making the appropriate soil water. WFM technology based on three advance technology DTM had obviously regulation effect and coordinate FM could obtain high yield and good quality in dryland wheat. |
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