Studies On Synersism To The Sex Pheromone Of The Oriental Fruit Moth, Grapholita Molesta (Busck)(Lepidoptera:Tortricidae)

The oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck)(Lepidoptera:Tortricidae) is presently distributed in most temperate and subtropical regions of the world. Oriental fruit moth severely damages peaches, nectarines, pears, apples, apricots, and plums. Host plant shift of G. molesta from peach to apple or pear often occurs late in the season and the larvae are internal feeders in fruits and shoot which make the control of G. molesta with conventional insecticides difficult. Synthetic sex pheromone of Gmolesta has been widely used in male flight monitoring, population forecasting, mass trapping, and mating disruption in stone and pome fruit orchards. However, traps baited with conventional sex pheromone dispensers are not always effective in mating disruption in orchards, so the methods that using host-plant volatiles (HPVs) and food bait increase the effectiveness of attraction are of greater interesting.Based on these, we tested whether the attractiveness of trap baited with sex pheromone is increased with addition of two compounds (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and1-undecanol, or terpinyl acetate and acetic acid in the field. Our ultimate goal is to design a more effctive lure to synergize traps baited with sex pheromone. The result showed as fellows:(1)The field test in pear orchards in Laohekou showed, most of the male moths were captured in the traps baited with the sex pheromone combined with50μg (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate or/and1-undecanol than by the pheromone alone. Also, more males were captured by the trap containing pheromone plus50μg (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate than by the one containing50μg1-undecanol. It appeared that these HPVs act as sex pheromone synergists to enhance the attraction of male G. molesta to pheromone traps, since males were not captured in the traps baited only with (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and/or1-undecanol.(2) The field test in pear orchards in Doudian showed, no male G. molesta was caught in the host-plant volatiles traps. More males were captured in traps baited with the sex pheromone combined with30μg (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate or50μg1-undecanol. The trap containing sex pheromone added with40μg1-undecanol captured the most males. It is confirmed that (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate or1-undecanol synergised the activity of the G. molesta sex pheromone.(3) The field test in pear orchards in Doudian showed, the number of males captured greatly increased with addition of the blend of terpinyl acetate and acetic acid at ratio of4:1(2000μL:500μL) to the sex pheromone of G. molesta. These results indicated the blend of terpinyl acetate and acetic acid may act as sex pheromone synergist to enhance the male G. molesta attraction in pheromone traps.The use of HPVs and food bait by enhancing the attractiveness of sex pheromone is of great importance in developing a new method of sex pheromone-based integrated pest management (IPM) strategies for G. molesta and other pests control.