Effects Of Ecological Factors On Tobacco Quality And Research On The Adaptability Of Flue-cured Tobacco Cultivars In Baoshan

To elucidate effects of ecological factors on quality of tobacco leaves and the adaptability of flue-cured tobacco cultivars in different ecological conditions, in this study, the characteristics of ecological conditions and critical ecological factors on tobacco planting in Baoshan area were firstly analyzed with factor analysis and correlation analysis methods, based on the ecological conditions data of ten years (2001-2010) collected from 5 countries including 97 towns with 1434 tobacco planting sites. Then, the regional trials were performed in both year of 2011 and 2012 at 6 different sites. And the critical ecological factors affecting the tobacco quality in Baoshan area were determined by analyzing the relationship between tobacco qualities and ecological factors with stepwise regression analysis and path analysis methods. In addition, the effects of tobacco production site, cultivars and their interactions on tobacco quality were analyzed with AMMI model. Finally, the production adaptability and suitable planting area of these 3 cultivars were determined in Baoshan area. The main results were as follows:1. Characteristics of ecological conditions and critical ecological factors in Baoshan tobacco planting areaThe altitude in which place the tobacco were planted varies from 956.00m to 2574.00m with a large range gap. The average of temperature during the period of tobacco growing in the field varies from 18.51℃ to 20.39℃ with a little changing of 1.88℃. The average time of sunshine was enough for tobacco growth, ranging from 94.42h to 194.73h monthly. The month average rainfall was rich, changing from 103.09 ml to 233.71 ml. But the distribution of sunshine and rainfall were not balanced.Tooking the normal growth demand of tobacco as consider, the soil in these area possesses suitable pH value (6.15±0.91), higher organic content (33.51±16.40g/kg) available nitrogen content (134.68±61.20mg/kg), available phosphorus centent (21.57±15.55mg/kg) and moderate potassium (214.08±104.98mg/kg), but the space distributions is not balanced.With the analysis on the main ecological factors, altitude was the first factor affected the ecological condition during production period in the field in Baoshan, the climatic condition were the second, the soil condition was the last; with correlation analysis, altitude had extremely significantly correlation with average air temperature, sunshine hours, rainfall capacity during the period of tobacco growing in the field after transplanting. Therefore, altitude was the critical factors leading to three-dimensional difference of climate during production period in the field in Baoshan, and forming three-dimensional ecological characteristic.2. The analysis of critical factors affecting tobacco qualities in BaoshanBased on the above analysis, the experiments about the influence of different ecological conditions on tobacco quality were adopted, with the screening of 21 ecological factors related with tobacco quality, to found out the critical factors affecting tobacco quality in Baoshan. Togetherly, in this study, tobacco quality were significantly affected by altitude, the rainfall of 1st month after transplanting, soil pH value, available potassium.3. Influence of test site, cultivar and their interaction effects on tobacco quality and the stability of different varietiesBased on the multilocation variety regional test, the result showed that, in this study, the tobacco comprehensive quality in middle altitude(about 1800m) was superior to that in Wgher altitude(^2000 m) and lower altitude(≤1500 m). Comparatively, tobacco quality and its stability of Y99 was the best, Y87 was the middle; and that of K326 was the worse in the higher altitude but was the better in the middle-lower altitude.The affections on comprehensive quality were:site>variety X site>variety, all of three showed significant influences with proportions of 45.70%,44.78%,9.53% respectively in the sum squares of effects. This conclusion supported that production site was the main factor affecting the tobacco quality once again, and altitude was still the main factors affecting the tobacco quality.4. Suggestions of cultivation arrangement of flue-cured tobacco variety in BaoshanAltitude, rainfall capacity of 1st month after transplanting, soil pH value, available potassium should be considered as the most important factors affected tobacco quality when we cultured flue-cured tobacco. In this study, the stability parameters of tobacco comprehensive quality were:D026 (2.1588)> DY87 (1-8496)> DY99 (1.2813), suggesting that the stability were Y99>Y87>K326. Thus, according to altitude, Y87 and Y99 showed more broad plant area than that of K326. Y99 and Y87 are suitable to plant in area of lower-middle-higher altitude; while K326 adapts to plant in the area of middle-lower altitude. So that, when planting flue-cured tobacco in Baoshan and its similar area with three-dimensional ecological characteristic, we should make the variety arrangement which could be modified to fit to the ecological conditions which were difficult to regulate, to fully express the protential of cultivar and give the completed play of ecological region to characteristic quality of tobacco.