| A growing number of studies on the diagnostic and treatment methods advocated by different distinguished Chinese medicine practitioners have been observed in recent years with the zealous promotion of the project on academic inheritance of the eminent and experienced Chinese medicine practitioner in China. This results in the blossoming of the field of Chinese medicine, but at the same time, the diverse views and emergence of new thoughts lead to confusion to the young scholars. Beijing, as the capital of China, takes up a leading position in the development of Chinese medicine. It is the city that nurtures a large number of distinguished Chinese medicine practitioners and provides a favourable platform for academic exchange. These distinguished Chinese medicine practitioners have adopted different clinical solutions while sharing some of the academic philosophies in the area of lung cancer treatment. This study seeks to identify the commonalities and distinctiveness in lung cancer medication with traditional Chinese medicine in Beijing by analysing the clinical experiences, generalising the common clinical practices and synthesising the medication characteristic among various representable and experienced Chinese medicine practitioners. Commonalities in medication assure high level of drug safety and treatment effectiveness since the agreeable way of medication has been validated over time. On the other hand, distinctiveness in medication is thought-provoking which will be beneficial to the overall development of traditional Chinese medicine. By generalising the commonalities and distinctiveness in the medication, it is anticipated that this study would facilitate the development of lung cancer treatment with the application of Chinese medicine.This study systematically collates the scattered findings and experiences shared in previous researches through theory application, literature review and statistical analysis. The author summarises the knowledge and experience gained from the clinical cases in his clinical apprentice, with the aim of comprehensively revealing the clinical experiences on lung cancer treatment of the five most prestigious and experienced Chinese medicine practitioners in oncology in Beijing, including Prof. ZHANG Dai-zhao, Prof. YU Ren-cun, Prof. PIAO Bing-kui, Prof. SUN Gui-zhi and Prof. LI Pei-wen, and thereby identifies the overall direction in lung cancer treatment in Beijing and also the medication characteristics of the aforementioned Chinese medicine practitioners.The main body of this paper is composed of four parts, including (i) The Origin and Development of Integrative Medicine on Cancer Prevention and Treatment;(ii) Introduction on the Treatment Plan of Lung Cancer among Eminent and Experienced Chinese Medicine Practitioners in Beijing;(ⅲ) Statistical Analysis on the Lung Cancer Treatment Experience of Five Eminent and Experience Chinese Medicine Practitioners in Beijing; and (ⅳ) Treatment Experience on Metastatic Disease Induced by Lung Cancer among the Eminent and Experience Chinese Medicine Practitioners in Beijing.The first part:The Origin and Development of Integrative Medicine on Cancer Prevention and Treatment introduces the development of oncology in the field of Chinese medicine in Beijing through reviewing and synthesising the papers published by the five Chinese medicine practitioners and their apprentices. This includes the establishment of the department of oncology in three reputable hospitals in Beijing (Guanganmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science; Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, CPUMS and China-Japan Friendship Hospital). This chapter also introduces the contributions of the five Chinese medicine practitioners to the field of traditional Chinese medicine and in the development of integrative medicine in oncology, and also analyses their clinical application of integrative medicine.The second part:Introduction on the Treatment Plan of Lung Cancer among Eminent and Experienced Chinese Medicine Practitioners in Beijing is written based on the insight gained from reviewing the publications of the five Chinese medicine practitioners and their face-to-face experience sharing during the author’s1.5-year clinical practice. This chapter generalises the overall direction in lung cancer treatment with the application of Chinese medicine in Beijing by looking into the views and experiences of the five Chinese medicine practitioners on the etiology and pathology, common syndromes and prescription in lung cancer treatment. For etiology and pathology, these Chinese medicine practitioners consider that both vacuity and repletion would be observed from lung cancer patients while vacuity prevails. The five common types of lung cancer syndromes identified include yang deficiency of lung; deficiency of both lung and spleen and also phlegm retention in lung; deficiency of both lung and kidney; static Qi and blood; and exhaustion of both Qi and blood. The common principles on prescription include invigorating spleen and replenishing Qi; nourishing liver and kidney; dispersing and expelling Qi in lung; nourishing lung to relieve dryness; dissipating phlegm and dispelling clots; promoting blood circulation for dredging collaterals; heat clearance and detoxification; and regulating stomach to facilitate digestion.The third part:Statistical Analysis on the Lung Cancer Treatment Experience of Five Eminent and Experience Chinese Medicine Practitioners in Beijing is the summary result by complex network analysis on120prescriptions for treating lung cancer of each of the five Chinese medicine practitioners (600prescriptions in total) collected by the author during his clinical apprentice between June2011to February2013. This chapter captures both the general core prescription on treating lung cancer among Chinese medicine practitioners in Beijing and the core prescription of individual Chinese medicine practitioner. The general core prescription is composed of Raw Astragalus, Heterophylly Falsetarwort Root, Suberect Spatholobus Stem, Dried Tangerine Peel, Zhebei, Chicken Gizzard Skin, Medicated Leaven, Focal Malt, Focal Hawthorn, Villous Amomum, Black Nightshade Herb, Spreading Hedyotis Herb, Rhizoma Paridis, Glossy Privet Fruit and Barbary Wolfberry Fruit. As deduced from the prescription, the five Chinese medicine practitioners considered the origin of lung cancer is deficiency of both spleen and kidney and also the conglomeration of phlegm-blood stasis-toxins. Basically, the treatment principle is replenishing Qi-promoting blood circulation-dispelling clots-detoxification-nourishing kidney-regulating stomach at the ratio2-1-1-3-2-5. By percentage, the composition is as follows:13.34%replenishing Qi,6.67%promoting blood circulation,6.67%dispelling clots,20%detoxification,13.34%nourishing kidney and33.34%regulating stomach. To further classify replenishing Qi, nourishing kidney and regulating stomach into the category of strengthening body resistance while promoting blood circulation, dispelling clots and detoxification into the category of eliminating pathogenic factors, the ratio between strengthening body resistance and eliminating pathogenic factors is3:2. This also denotes medication for strengthening body resistance and for eliminating pathogenic factors by percentage at60%and40%respectively. In sum, the basic treatment principle of lung cancer is primarily by strengthening body resistance, supplemented by the elimination of pathogenic factors, in which regulating stomach supplemented by replenishing Qi and nourishing kidney is the means of strengthening body resistance while detoxification supplemented by promoting blood circulation and dispelling clots is the means of eliminating pathogenic factors.The paper also analyses the characteristics of the five Chinese medicine practitioners in treating lung cancer by comparing their core prescriptions.As reflected from the prescription, the treatment principle of Prof. ZHANG Dai-zhao on lung cancer is primarily by strengthening body resistance, supplemented with the elimination of pathogenic factors. When comparing with the common core prescription in Beijing, Prof. Zhang obviously lays more emphasis on strengthening body resistance primary by invigorating spleen, followed by regulating stomach and nourishing Yang, and then by replenishing Qi.The treatment principle of Prof. YU Ren-cun on lung cancer is primarily by strengthening body resistance, supplemented with the elimination of pathogenic factors. The principle of compatibility in prescription of Prof. Yu is relatively more similar to that of in Beijing as a whole. The treatment principle of Prof. PIAO Bing-kui on lung cancer is primarily by strengthening body resistance, supplemented with the elimination of pathogenic factors. When comparing with the common core prescription in Beijing, the prescription of Prof. PIAO lays more emphasis on strengthening body resistance while regulating stomach takes on the most important role, followed by replenishing Qi and nourishing kidney, and then by invigorating spleen.Strengthening body resistance and eliminating pathogenic factors are of equal weighting according to Prof. SUN Gui-zhi’s treatment principle on lung cancer. When comparing with the common core prescription in Beijing, a higher percentage of Prof. SUN’s prescription is for eliminating pathogenic factors while a lower percentage is for strengthening body resistance. For eliminating pathogenic factors, promoting blood circulation for dredging collaterals takes on the most important role, followed by dissipating phlegm and dispelling clots, and then by heat clearance and detoxification. Strengthening body resistance is primarily by nourishing Yang, followed by replenishing Qi, nourishing kidney and invigorating spleen.The treatment principle of Prof. LI Pei-wen is primarily by eliminating pathogenic factors, supplemented with strengthening body resistance. When comparing with the common core prescription in Beijing, a higher percentage of Prof. LI’s prescription is for eliminating pathogenic factors while a lower percentage is for strengthening body resistance. Eliminating pathogenic factors is mainly by detoxification, followed by suppressing cough and dispelling clots.By adopting pointwise mutual information, PMI, this paper looks into the medication pattern with the application of integrative medicine on different developmental stages of lung cancer (including treatment solely by Chinese medicine, post-surgery stage, chemotherapy stage and targeted therapy stage) and the common matastatic diseases (including brain metastases, liver metastases, skeletal metastases and pleural effusion) among the five Chinese medicine practitioners.The fourth part:Treatment Experience on Metastatic Disease Induced by Lung Cancer among the Eminent and Experience Chinese Medicine Practitioners in Beijing examines the clinical analysis and medication characteristics on the common matastatic diseases of lung cancers among the five Chinese medicine practitioners through analysing their clinical medical records.To sum up, this paper comprehensively generalises the overall direction in lung cancer treatment with the application of Chinese medicine among the eminent and experienced Chinese medicine practitioners in Beijing. It also provides an analysis on lung cancer treatment and the clinical experience on the common matastatic diseases of lung cancers among these Chinese medicine practitioners with ample breadth and depth. It is anticipated that this study would shed light on the further development of research on oncology in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. |
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