| Part Ⅰ:The standardization research of Aphasia battery of UighurObjective:Aphasia battery of Uighur is a translation of Aphasia battery of Chinese,in accordance with the Uighur language words and rules of customary minor modifications, apply to Uighur language environment, and can be used Uighur aphasias diagnosis and treatment evaluation purposes.The first part of the paper studies the reliability and validity of aphasia battery of Uighur.Method:The high-Su Rong Chinese aphasia Inspection Act translated into Uighur, according to the Uyghur language features in some ways made the appropriate changes (such as repeat, listen to the word recognition and writing), but the overall structure intact. Expert evaluation method applied to the scale were three comments and revisions, the language adaptation and pre-testing, the final again the Uyghur and Han back translation. Be applied to the detection of134cases of Uighur stroke aphasia and104cases of normal Uighur language function, language function measured by a trained postgraduate student in Uyghur patients were assessed on admission,30patients in the after a week of its language features were assessed again. Summary data using factor analysis, Spearman rank correlation analysis method of testing construct validity of the scale, internal reliability, retest reliability and split-half reliability.Results:Again a dimension, Han back translation, the difference was less than10%. Construct validity:KMO value is0.917, bartlett spherical test P value of less than0.005, indicating suitable factor analysis, principal component analysis and varimax orthogonal rotation method, according to three factors to extract common factors were named as read factor writing factor, listening comprehension factors explained a total of81.03%of the variance. Internal reliability: the scale of the24aspects of the content is split into four parts, oral expression, listening comprehension, reading and writing, were calculated for the various parts of the Cronbach a0.969,0.922,0.966,0.924total Cronbach a coefficient was0.978. Retest relia-bility:In addition to writing, the two items is lower than0.7, the scale of the other22test-retest correlation coefficients greater than0.8. Uighur version of aphasia testing scale split-half reliability was0.906.Conclusions:This study suggests that Aphasia battery of Uighur has good validity, reliability; aphasic patients can quantitatively reflect the functional status and language change, suitable for application in clinical rehabilitation. Part Ⅱ:Pathological language characteristics study of various types Uighur aphasiaObjective:Way through clinical neuropsychology aims of aphasia cases were very systematic observation and inspection, system analysts of various types of aphasic patients morbid Uighur language features, and were compared with the Chinese, analyzing the difference between the two pathological features of the language sex; preliminary analysis of various types of Uighur aphasia, agraphia aphasia after brain lesion types and the relationship between Uighur for clinical diagnosis and rehabilitation of aphasia provide a theoretical basis.Methods:Uighur version aphasia using rating scales assessed met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of104cases of Uighur patients with aphasia after stroke, using the Chinese version of the ABC assessment met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the98cases of Chinese patients with aphasia after stroke, using traditional neuropsychological approach to its assessment of the results of listening, speaking, reading, writing, system analysis, and compare the differences between the two.Results:(1) performance of non-fluent aphasia aphasia spoken, was telegraphic, the real word-based, clear voice disorders, understanding better, repeat disorders, reading and writing are also varying degrees of disorder. The cortical motor aphasia and motor aphasia in general similar, but repeat well.(2) the performance of sensory aphasia fluent aphasia spoken, there are more wrong language and the new language, understand the serious obstacles, repeat, naming, reading and writing disorders. The overall cortical sensory aphasia sensory aphasia with similar but repeat well.(3) The cortical mixed aphasia can be seen through the cortical motor aphasia and coexistence through cortical sensory aphasia, non-fluent aphasia type spoken, wrong language is obvious, listening comprehension deficits was heavy, but lighter than the sensory aphasia, repeat function retained, but incomplete.(4) who showed anomic aphasia aphasia verbal fluency, naming serious obstacles, understanding, retelling, reading, writing disorders light.(5) complete aphasia were all language features are severely damaged, and most patients can only send stereotypical tone or words, only1-2months to understand simple instructions.(6) basal ganglia aphasia mostly mild to moderate oral fluency disorders, slow to speak effortlessly, Ci and lack of coherence between, dysarthria, understanding mild disorder, repeat can be properly read and write moderately impaired.(7) thalamic aphasia more performance for bass tone, reduced language, word-finding difficulties, dysarthria moderately impaired, naming and understanding mild disorders, repeat may be normal. Uighur people and Han Chinese as the language dominant hemisphere in the left cerebral hemisphere, of which58%of the aphasia is a language center classic lesions caused by motor aphasia, complete aphasia and anomic aphasia more in line. Uighur aphasia after agraphia types consistent with the Chinese, including aphasia, apraxia written and non-verbal apraxia write two categories, aphasia, apraxia, including four kinds of writing:constitutive character disorders, write the wrong words, grammatical errors, and complete failure to write, write, including non-verbal apraxia apraxia apraxia written, visual spatial agraphia, inert agraphia and mirror writing. Victoria, aphasia, apraxia Han wrote two are more common, and its wider distribution lesion site; Uighur group apraxia involving the left parietal apraxia write inert agraphia involving the left frontal lobe and the deep white matter lesions mirror writing parts involving the left frontal, parietal, and basal ganglia.Conclusion:Various types of aphasia morbid Uighur language features are different, but the same type dimension, Chinese aphasia language features are basically the same. Uighur agraphia different types have different pathological features of writing, but the same type of dimension, Han agraphia pathological features consistent writing. Uighurs and Han Chinese language as the dominant hemisphere in the left cerebral hemisphere, various types of Uighur aphasia, agraphia with brain lesion location have a certain relationship. Part Ⅲ:The fMRI study of brain activation differences in Uyghur and Chinese normal peopleObjective:Application of BOLD fMRI technology, using two languages mission to explore native Uighur language of normal brain function areas. Uygur and Han also compared normal tasks in the implementation of the two languages brain activation zone differences.Methods:Choose healthy volunteers,30cases,15cases of native Chinese,15cases of native Uighur, were right-handed, language function properly. Using the U.S. company GE signa3.OT superconducting magnetic resonance imaging system with8-channel head coil signal reception. TLC first with3D sequences for brain axial T1-weighted images, and then gradient echo planar imaging sequence for BOLD signal data acquisition. Each subject performed two languages during the scan tasks:semantic identification and verb generation, the control on the screen when the monitor displays "+" sign, the use of silent reading method to complete the experimental task. Post-processed with SPM5. Image analysis using SPM5analysis for individual and group analysis, statistical threshold is set corrected p≤0.05, and voxels≥6, FDR after correction was considered statistically significance. Within the group and between groups of data using single and two-sample t test was used for statistical analysis.Results: Uighur normal semantic discrimination task activated brain areas mainly in the left middle frontal gyrus, superior parietal lobule, inferior frontal gyrus and bilateral fusiform gyrus, occipital gyrus, occipital activation in varying degrees back to the left cerebral hemisphere brain areas activated significantly more than the right hemisphere. Wei, Han normal semantic difference discrimination task activated brain areas mainly in the left cingulate gyrus (BA23) and precuneus, Uighur groups in these two regions showed significant positive activated, and Chinese groups active in the area relatively weak. Uighur normal verb generation task activated brain regions mainly bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, anterior cingulate, supplementary motor area, the left basal ganglia, medial frontal gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, temporal gyrus, fusiform gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus, left superior parietal lobule, bilateral insular cortex, occipital lobe and cerebellum, the left hemisphere brain areas activated significantly more than the right hemisphere. Wei, Han normal in the implementation of the verb generation task, Chinese Uighur group compared with the left inferior parietal lobule, left inferior temporal gyrus (BA37), left fusiform gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus and other local brain regions can be seen clearly is activated, the Chinese group is relatively weak activation; while the Chinese group compared with the Uighur, Chinese group the right superior temporal gyrus (BA38) shows a clear positive activation Uighur group is relatively weak activation.Conclusion:Uighur and Chinese semantic identification test and verb produce test activated brain regions are not identical. Left cingulate gyrus in semantic processing Uighur may be more involved in phonological processing. Character processing may have more right hemisphere participation than Uighur processing. |
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