| This paper, relying on the Project of National Science Fundamental Project named "The study on the evolution of rural settlement on Jianghan Plain as well as on the perfection of human living environment (40671050)", starts to study the rural living environment from the long lifespan of villages. The logic main line penetrating the whole paper is as the following:(1) putting on the question;(2) analysing the fact that lifespan at rural places is long;(3) analysing the factors;(4) introducing the development model of the living environment of long-lifespan countries;(5) selecting the optimizing method. This present paper, in the two-way angle of longevity at villages and the living environment, takes the longevity town, Zhongxian, Hubei, as the sample to explore the development model of the healthy living environment; besides, it proposes the policy system and development method for optimizing rural environment, thus providing with scientific evidence of the sustainable development of countries and enrich the research on human geography. The whole paper is divided into9chapters as follows:Chapter1, i.e. the introduction, focuses on analysing the background and study status of the theme. Firstly, the research theme of the paper is proposed through the observation on the geological phenomenon. Currently, in China, there are few comprehensive and systematic findings about rural environment. On the one hand, the study on living environment is obviously in favor of cities, but the study on rural living environment is often limited in some certain aspects, not systematically; on the other hand, the study on the rural longevity is always simply about one aspect, and most studies in this field explore the mystery of longevity from the superficial phenomena, without any theoretically fundamental researches. Therefore, it is practically and theoretically meaningful to study the way to optimize the rural dwelling environment from the two-way angle of rural longevity and dwelling environment.Chapter2analyses the longevity at Chinese villages in the angle of dwelling environment, thus establishing a basis for the study of rural longevity and dwelling environment. Firstly, the regional longevity is defined:regional longevity is caused by the combined action of economic level, environment and living pattern in this region. Secondly, the rural longevity is defined in accordance with the regional longevity. Through the analysis on the distributing pattern of centenarians, a conclusion that the longevity exists objectively is obtained. Besides, this chapter also briefly analyses the causes of rural longevity. At last, the space-time pedigree of the rural longevity at the sampling area, i.e. Zhongxiang, is analysed in the chapter. Chapter3studies the relationship between the rural longevity and the dwelling environment. Firstly, based on the essential theory and analytical work, an assumed theory is obtained:the dwelling environment in countries is necessary for the rural longevity. And then, after undertaking the scientific evaluation on the quality of dwelling environment and degree of the longevity at Zhongxiang as well as other surrounding places, the results are compared with each other, and the conclusion that rural longevity is in a positively correlative to the dwelling environment is drawn. This chapter, analysing the relationship between the rural longevity and the dwelling environment in the macroscopic view, is the connecting link between the preceding and the following, and the microscopic research in the following chapters is undertaken on the basis of this macroscopic research.Chapter4analyses the factors in the natural environment of the rural dwelling environment that influence the rural longevity. In this chapter, the relationship between the natural environment mentioned just now and rural longevity is analysed in four aspects, i.e. the climate, terrain, hydrology and living beings. The climate determines the villagers’ living habit, type of house, agricultural production and so on; meanwhile, all of the atmospheric temperature, humidity, winds, sunshine and special weathers are the major factors that influence the living conditions of dwelling environments. The comprehensive evaluation of the climate factors of the dwelling environment at Zhongxiang indicates that the climate at Zhongxiang is very suitable for human. The terrain determines the pattern of the dwelling environment at rural places. The terrain around Zhongxiang characterizes diversity, transitivity and order is a good basis for developing a rural dwelling environment. The rich water source and high quality of water are also the essential condition which leads to rural longevity. Furthermore, the diversified living beings not only maintain the sustainable development of natural world, but also the essential condition for human existence and development. In the area around Zhongxiang, where the living beings are diversified in species, high in quality, complex in ecological structure and complete in ecological functions, composes a good ecological environment.Chapter5analyses the factors in the cultural and social environment of the rural dwelling environment that influence the rural longevity. This chapter explores the relation between the cultural and social environment and the rural longevity in4dimensions, i.e. rural economy, rural society, cultural custom and living habit. The economic development is material support system of the rural longevity; the social space of country provides a harmonious home for rural longevity; and the cultural custom combined with modern civilization promotes the formation and development of rural longevity. Living habit is one of the key factors which influence human lifespan. The disciplinary daily life, healthy dietary habit, diligent and active behavioral trait and rich hobby are all the factors that lead to the longevity of Zhongxing villagers. Chapter6analyses the factors in the artificial environment of the rural dwelling environment that influence the rural longevity. Conforming to the principles of being people-oriented, purposeful, comprehensive, representative and hierarchical, the author constructs an index system for the artificial environment in the country and undertakes a questionnaire survey on the villagers of Zhongxiang. Then, the author does a dim comprehensive evaluation based on the survey, obtaining the conclusion that the residents of Zhongxiang are generally satisfied with their artificial dwelling environment. The elements of houses, including proper location, appropriate coverage, practical housing structure, clean room and green yard, together compose the healthy living environment. Besides, the convenient shopping, relatively perfect cultural and educational service system, relatively complete medical and health service system, and steady social security together provide with a good social environment. The transportation networks being perfected step by step, the villagers go in and go out conveniently. The clean power supply which has been put into use universally effectively mediates the issue of air pollution of the country.Chapter7studies the development guide of healthy and macrobiotic rural dwelling environment. This chapter, on the basis of analytical work in the former6chapters, summarizes the experiences in development model of health and macrobiotic rural dwelling environment of Zhongxian, thus provides with the reference of the method selected to optimize the construction of rural dwelling environment. The dwelling environment of Zhongxiang has been constructed with the full advantage of the natural environment as well as in the concept of co-existing harmoniously with the natural environment. The development of the cultural and social environment of Zhongxing includes rural economy, social space, cultural custom and community home care model, fulfilling of civil happiness. Affected by the environment, the spacial layout of the artificial rural environment of Zhongxiang has different spacial patterns in different terrains, and the houses there is not only bearing the culture of traditional house, but also combined with modern civilizations. In the meantime, both the rural infrastructure and public service facility are better than before, thus increasingly improving the rural dwelling environment.Chapter8proposes the method to optimize the healthy and macrobiotic rural dwelling environment. Aiming at the development problem of modern China’s rural dwelling environment, the author proposes relevant policies and suggestions to optimize the rural dwelling environment. In the chapter, the author also determines the fundamental principle to optimize the environment:Keep coordinated relationship between people and nature, always insist on the planning strategy of "people-oriented and in line with local conditions" and relatively concentrative distribution and construction, inherit health and longevity culture.Besides, the author the methods to optimize the rural dwelling environment:the first one is to optimize the natural environment system, i.e. enhancing the natural environment protection at the country while keeping the ecological condition. The specific measures include:(1) paying attention to the safety of the natural environment at rural places on the strategic height;(2) increasing the investment and policy support;(3) further pushing the popularization of agricultural technologies and striving to develop ecological agriculture;(4) improving the environment control of rural enterprises and regulating the industrial pollution;(5) perfecting the environment administration system and strengthening the force of law of environment protection;(6) reinforcing the propaganda and education, and adjusting villagers’concept of environment protection. The second is to optimize the cultural and social environment with the specific measures of (1) promoting the steady development of rural economy, increasing farmers’ income and shrinking the income gap between the urban and the rural;(2) fulfilling the spacial optimization of rural society;(3)protecting the traditional cultures and enhancing the spiritual civilization in the urban regions;(4) developing the in-home endowment in the community and pushing the rural endowment service and industry. The third is to optimize the artificial dwelling environment with the detailed measures of (1) scientifically and properly programming the rural community;(2) optimizing the layout of the rural residential district;(3) improving the quality of rural houses and advocating healthy houses and (4) perfecting infrastructures and public service facilities.Chapter9describes the summary, innovative points and further studies. This chapter systematically summarizes the main conclusions of the study and major innovative points; besides, based on the analysis of the whole paper, it proposes the plan of the further study.With the systematic research on Chinese rural longevity phenomenon and living environment, there are the main conclusions as the following in this article:(1)Rural living environment is an external factor closely related to the human health.(2)Existing rural longevity phenomenon is neither a haphazard natural one nor social one, but is the collaborative result functioned by special rural environment, living style, social economy development and other ones.(3)Through the comparison of spatial distribution of rural living environment quality and longevity level, it has been certified that there exists a positive relationship between rural longevity phenomenon and living environment.(4)Rural longevity phenomenon is a synthesized result functioned by natural ecological environment, humanistic social environment and artificial living environment.(5)On the previous research findings, it has been concluded the development direction of health longevity rural living environment.(6)lt has proposed method for optimization construction of health longevity rural living environment.Main innovations of this article are:(1)Set up new platform for rural living environment research.(2)Find out a new sight of rural living environment research.(3)Explore positively new path for rural living environment research optimization. |
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