Research On Confucius’ Speech In Bamboo Slips Of Warring States Collected In Shanghai Museum

In1994,Shanghai museum salvaged a batch of bamboo slips from Hang Kong Cultural relics market,which was unearthed in Chu region,and could be dated from the warring states period.This batch of bamboo slips includes more than100kinds of Warring States books, most of which is precious document not passing from generation to generation,including Confucianism, Taoism, Militarism and other types of precious document.Out of the batch of bamboo slips,there are dozens of document related to Confucius’ speech. There have been13kinds of the document that have been released already.This paper devotes itself to research Confucius’Speech in Bamboo Slips Collected in Shanghai Museum.This paper mainly uses the "double evidence act" proposed by Wang Guowei to research Confucius’Speech in neatly10kinds of Bamboo Slips Collected in Shanghai Museum.This research is going to unfold from the following angles.One is to investigate the shape characteristics of each of Confucius remarks with the purpose of laying a foundation to reveal the documentary value of the Bamboo Slips Collected in Shanghai Museum.Secondly,the paper will confirm and interprete the words on the bamboo slips, sum up research achievement done by the academic predecessor,compile the document of Confucius’Speech,and investigate the philology value of the Bamboo Slips Collected in Shanghai Museum.The third aspect of this paper is to reveal its documental value and literary value,as well as its significance to history of thought.The foreword is to discuss the current condition of research concerning this field,the meaning of this research and the frame of this paper,as well as research method.The first chapter is Research On Confucius’Speech in Bamboo Slip2Lubangdahan(鲁邦大旱)Lubangdahan records Confucius’speech that is consecrated to Lu’aigong(鲁哀公)with regards of resisting drought,the title of which is correct punishment&morality,reflecting Confucius’opinion about punishment&morality and religion.The essence of this poinion is that the religion should be set for the god and tao(道)and that morality and punishment should be treated equally. On the other hand,he agreed to use jade tablet and money to sacrifice mountains.In a word,Confucius’ Speech in Lubangdahan(鲁邦大旱)has very important cognitive value.The second chapter is Research On Zhonggong(仲弓) in Bamboo Slip3. Zhonggong(仲弓),lost long time ago,is a piece of Confucianism document in the period before Qin(秦)It expounded the Confucian political thought,and has important documentary value in discussing the question about the formation of The Analects of Confucius(论语)and comprehending Confucius’ political thought in the general.Here,we research the frame of Zhonggong(仲弓),pointing out some true information about the title of bamboo slips.By rearranging the foreword of bamboo slips and demonstrating every paragraph of Zhonggong(仲弓),some important contents of Confucius’political thought,including Confucius’ paying attention to politic and people,the relationship between politic and religion,the connection between upper rank and lower rank inside political group,the relationship among selecting the competent,perfecting the mind,and politic, are discussed in detail here.The author who wrote Zhonggong(仲弓),I think,should involve Confucius,Zhonggong and someone unknown who might be Zhonggong’s disciples or his disciples. Zhonggong(仲弓)should be finished early in the Warring States Period or later.From the view of the evolution of literary form,Zhonggong brought about the ceaseless behaviour of recording Confucius’ saying.The layout of dialogue in historiographers’writing is often adopted in Zhonggong,which means that China’s argumentative essays moved toward maturity gradually in the hands of the first two generation disciple of Confucius.The third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh chapters are named Research on Confucius’ meeting JiHuanZi (孔子见季桓子),which are devided into five parts,one is to compile the foreword of bamboo slips,the other four parts are to investigate and explain the text existing on the bamboo slips.This article occupys27pieces of bamboo slips with the total557character, so we can say that it is a great works,and hence it’s very precious.The text focuses on Confucius’political view,ethics view,and govern view,in other words,that is to imitate ancient times and revitalize Lu (鲁)country,to govern people with Ren(仁),and to give punishment without favoritism. Confucius’ thought about military affairs and both of Ren(仁)and no Ren(仁),has peculiar value to recover the history of pre-qin Lu state and political philosophy,enriching Confucius’ Theory Achievements greatly.This chapter is to compile the foreword of the bamboo slips and discuss the change of the shape of the bamboo slip character in large numbers,then I clean up fundamental text of Confucius’meeting JiHuanZi(孔子见季桓子)each other.The title of the eighth chapter is Research on Confucius’ saying,investigating Junziweili(君子为礼)and Diziwen (弟子问),both of which are documents about Confucius’saying.The former reflects Confucius’ idea concerning Li(礼),and probes the connotation of his Li(礼)by referring to documents handed down from ancient times.Confucius thought that gentleman’s behaviours should be on the basis of Ren(仁)That means,one’s words,action,listening must be in accordance with Ren(仁)Only this can benefit cultivating body and mind.It’s very important of this piece article to research ritual conception of Confucianism in earlier period,even to research pre-qin intellectual history.The title of the ninth chapter is Research on Confucius’saying,Diziwen(弟子问)Diziwen (弟子问)is regarded as the true record of Confucius and his disciples’asking and queationing in class,and focuses on Confucius’idea about one’s words and action. Confucius said the one whose words and action are consistent with each other is gentleman,and that it’s not called Ren(仁)to speak flashy words and display showy visage,which conform to the saying concerning the relationship between words and action in The Analects of Confucius(论语),Kongzijiayu (孔子家语),and the bamboo slips collected in Shanghai museum. Diziwen(弟子问)provides new material to understand Confucius’ opinion about words and action,as well as his political thought. It’s especially important to distinguish and correct the faked Kongzijiayu(孔子家语)The tenth chapter is to research the value of Confucius’ speech in bamboo slips collected in Shanghai museum,and reveal its philology value,literature value and ideology value.As for its philology value,the character system of Chu region dominates Confucius’ speech document embodied on bamboo slips collected in Shanghai museum.As far as literature value,it will bring a great power to promote the research on the Spring and Autumn Period and warring state poem history,literature and art theory history,and essay history.As for the ideology value,it shows rich thought of Confucius and his disciples,which includes many aspects,such as philosophical idea,political idea,religionary idea,moral idea,and martial idea.We can say that it will force the research on Chinese classical culture and earlier thought of Confucian school.So far,Confucius’poetics in bamboo slips collected in Shanghai museum has been the hot spot in literary-researching field.The research that take the bamboo slips collected in Shanghai meseum as object of study achieved many positive results,which continuously appear at the forefront of academic research.There are two pieces of appendix in my paper. The first part is to research Xiaojing(孝经)’swriter, the time when it came to being as well, referring to Confucius’Speech about filial piety in the Bamboo Slips Collected in Shanghai Museum.Xiaojing(孝经)is one of the thirteen classical books of Confucianism.ConserningXiaojing(孝经)’santhor,there are nine kind statement as follow, Confucius(孔子)wrote it by himself,Zengzi (曾子)compiled it,Zisi (子思)wrote it,Confucius’disciples wrote it,confucians in Qi (齐) and Lu (鲁)wrote it,Mencius’disciples wrote it,confucians in Han dynasty wrote it,Zengzi(曾子)’s disciples compiled it.Some aspects,such as the pre-Qin book style,thought content of pre-Qin books,and unearthed evidence,is used for referrence to make us believe that it makes more sence that Zengzi(曾子)’sdisciples compiled Xiaojing(孝经)Being speculated from the name,communication,genre,origin of the thought, Xiaojing (孝经)came into being early in the warring state period.The second part of appendix is a new thesis connected with how to break the sentence and read The Analects of Confucius zihan (论语·子罕)correctly comes up. It’s based on the document in the bamboo slips collected in Shanghai museum.This chapter discusses eight methods to read the first chapter of The Analects of Confucius zihan(论语·子罕)We discovered that Confucius rarely mentioned benefit (利),but often discussed fate(命)and Ren(仁),As the founder of Confucianism,Confucius trusted and complied with fate(命)and Ren(仁)The appropriate way in which we read the first chapter of Zihan(子罕)is that Confucius rarely spoke of benefit(利),and he trusted the fate(命)and Ren(仁)The bamboo slips collected in Shanghai museum plays a peculiar role in help us understand Confucius document handed down from ancient times.In a word,this paper investigetes the time when Xiaojing(孝经)and the Analects of Confucius(论语)came into being,and the ones who wrote them via compiling the foreword of the nearly ten pieces of Confucius’ speech documents in bamboo slips collected in Shanghai museum,certifying the characters of it,and discussing its thought.We achieve a new cognition about Confucius,primitive Confucian school and social culture of the Spring and Autumn Period and warring states period.This research,I believe,will promote the research on earlier Chinese civilization.