On The Rhetoric And Ideology Of The Novels Of The "Country People Laboring In City" Since1990s

“Country people laboring in city” is an important symptom in the process of modernization, whichinvolves with not only social, political issue, but also the writer’s literary imagination problem. In1990s,a lot of country people come to city to earn a living so that many writers pay attention to the tendencyand picture it.This paper mainly discusses this topic under the perspective of novel rhetoric and ideology.Theformer, novel rhetoric, studies how to accomplish these literary imagination from the character, plot,narrative, motif; the latter, that is ideology, analyzes how to receive the influence of it from the left–tendency politics, enlightenment, consumerism and harmonious social ideology.Firstly, this paper aims to research the image of country people. According to the characters ofcountry people occupation, the paper divides country people into three lineages: the image pedigree ofmigrant laborers, the image pedigree of prostitute, the image pedigree nanny, then explores theconstruction of the common features of characters and the reasons behind. both” stigma" and" warmth"exist in the image of migrant laborers.“Whore” is often written in fixed mode, and treated asambiguous scenery in the image pedigree of prostitute In the depiction of nanny image, the writers fallinto the three pattern: rob the hostess position, self-reliance and degeneration.Secondly, the paper aims to research dramatic and anti-dramatic plots. The stage of the scene andthe suspense ending tend to cause a dramatic effect, Anti-dramatic plot mainly includes the poetic mood,anti-climactic narrative, and folk oral style. Extremely poetic plot often take the country people into “theaestheticization of daily life", Anti-climactic is closer to real country people life than dramatic plot,hiding the true subaltern life. Folk oral narrative is nearer to original life of countryside, thus opens upanother imaginary space of these novels.Thirdly, the paper will opened up a new field from the perspective of narratology. The first-personprotagonist speaker easily forms monologue and lyrical style, thus causes a rhetorical effect of“conveying the true subaltern voice”but, it distorts the true sualten life made by intellectuals. Thefirst-person bystander speaker creates a "dialogue" rhetorical effect, showing that the writer tries to walkinto the subaltern life, and produces equal dialogue efforts. The third-person narrator is behind in thestory, controls the plot progress from the overlooking angle, and attempts to present the truth subalternlife. Some works create a defamiliarization rhetorical effect through the angle of animal, ghost, multiplecharacters limited point of view, and children.The next, the paper discuss four motifs of country people novels: the seeking, the suffering, alienation, and the grief. The seeking is a process of country people laboring in city; the suffering is atorture and failure; and alienation based on frustration is resulting from human nature variation; thegrief is lost to pastoral utopia."Thus the circulation of the four motifs constitutes the inquiry of theurban and rural changes. The novel expresses four motif by means of describing landscape and the useof metaphor. The “Landscape" is a subjective imagination of the writers, and a way of expression aboutthe change of city and country. The use of metaphor conveys a belief that is the humble farmer is thevictims of the process of modernization.In the end, the paper discusses the influence of ideology from the left–tendency politics,enlightenment, consumerism and harmonious social ideology. Some novels affected by the left–tendency politics convey the idea of populism, and reflect the public worship and intellectuals’confession consciousness. Some novels preach the subaltern class friendship, calling them to revolt, andstruggle bravely. The novels by the influence of enlightenment show the writer’s solicitude ofhumanitarian and the criticism of the subaltern fall. The novels are full of a large number of sex symbolsin the influence of consumerism, and preach the “commodity fetishism", convey the" flaunt wealth"psychology. The novels under the influence of harmony ideology convey social main voice, produce theillusion of urban and rural harmonious hallucinations, and reflect the lack of critical consciousness ofthe writers.In conclusion, the novels of country people laboring in city have many defects at present, such asmode of writing, the legend of story, the monotonous plot, which reflect the gap of miscommunicationbetween the writers and the true subaltern class. This paper argues that a writer should go to the bottomclass in order to finish the real works reflecting the subaltern emotion. They should shoulder anuncompromising criticism responsibility, and create excellent works including social changes.