Tinking About Noumenon-Study Of Mou Zongsan ’s Ontology

Starting from the modern time to the postmodern, the once-lofty “noumenon” hasdeclined gradually in revolting voices and then becomes helpless. It is because people deemthat Ontology has led to a search which is unrealistic and fantasy, also led to the paradox ofidentity that made values and the fact split into two parts. But I think that the problem ofOntology is not derived from itself, but from the way of argumentation. In fact, because“noumenon” does not have defects, so it called “noumenon”.“noumenon” embodies thepurest form of life. As long as people not only have an attachment to terms such as “Holy”,"justice","freedom","moral", but also can’t accept the sense of emptiness and absurdnesswhich come from the lost of significance, the demands of “noumenon” has its value.From the beginning, Ontology accompanies with the use of reason. After theenlightenment, the awakening of reason broke the fetter which was from “God” to “Human”,and it became a rationale of all scientific knowledge. Thus, reason was seen as a supremeauthority by modern philosophy. From Descartes to Kant, the construction of modernontology was recognized again to reason and human. In the singing of “Human” carols,“God” was gradually forced into a hollow hypothesis in the realm of philosophy, and most ofits content was forced into the area of belief. On the other hand, empiricists sent out achallenge which created the dilemma of metaphysics to rationalism in the early enlightenment.Kant constructed a complete system of rational knowledge to resolve the plight ofmetaphysics that made continuation of the “myth” of “human”. After the postmodern, as thecriticism of rational developed step by step, the “myth” of “human” was ended graduallywhile the foundations of ontology was shook. If we summed up the essence of enlightenmentby one sentence, just as Nietzsche said: God is dead. Summarizing the essence of postmodernin a word, as Foucault said: Reason is dead——the subject of person is dead. The aim of thepostmodernism is to deconstruct ontology and eradicate the dream of anthropology that is inthe enlightenment. But the road of philosophy losing “noumenon” was not smoothly. Peoplegradually fell into the nothingness and absurdness in the world which absents standards and foundation. Two great ideals of enlightenment that are “receiving the eternal truth” and “theliberation of humanity” become passe in the boom of postmodernism.Mou zongsan’s ontology can be considered as a deconstruction of postmodern ontology.Mou zongsan’s construction of ontology not only continued but also transformed Kant’sontology, the purpose of that is to continue the “myth” of “human”. Kant made the subjectsstand up as the way of building ontology. That was inherited by Mou zongsan, but hereconstructed the way of Kant’s construction of noumenon. That is to say, it showed itself in away which changed the logical analysis into the life understanding. Hence,“noumenon” wasnot a construction in fact, but a show in value. However, on the basis of Mou zongsan, thezoetic “noumenon” can’t be called “objects”, because it is just the heart of the subjects. Mouzongsan thought we must promote noumenon from the level of fact to value terms in order tosolve the dilemma of ontology fundamentally. The dilemma actually derived from cognitivestructures which are innate, namely Kant said "perceptual objective form " and "intellectualcategory", but that Mou zongsan called it "smart practice". As long as it counteracts thesecognitive structures step-by-step, the noumenon (the heart) will appear naturally. That hasdone from the fact to value and from limited to unlimited. It’s not the world as its realappearance, but a fact world in our eyes by perceptual objective form. Kant thought that wecan’t understand the world as it. But in Chinese, we completely use our life to evidence theworld as it, and make it appear. At that time,“world” already was taken into “heart”, and the“world” just was the reality of world, the “heart” just the reality of heart.To “heart”, the world not only is a real world but also a value world, so we can build arigorous scientific system and achieve the freedom and the holiness. Meanwhile, It is a beautyworld, so we are able to appreciate and create the beauty. The “heart” of a flow of life iseverlasting and creative. Life includes all of things in the world and exists everywhere. Thismeans that life and death just is nirvana, moment just is forever, and the world is heavenexactly.