Two-layer Ontology: Absolute And Knowledge

As the successor and accompler of Kant's philosophy,the philosophical system of Mou Zongsan and Fichte shows a similar framework of ontology,that is the "two-layer ontology",which includes the theory of being and self-consciousness.This paper will expose the theory shared by the two philosophers and explores the important values and meanings of this theoretical model.The subject of this paper will be divided into four parts:"Chapter 1,the structure of I."Fichte's "Wissenschaftslehre" practiced a plan that knowledge relied on itself explores its origin and unity In the period of Jena,Fichte used a method of reflection and abstraction to carry out a priori reduction of human consciousness activities and eventually to the "Tathandlung" as the highest principle of philosophy.As the self-consciousness,Tathandlung is the highest principle of consciousness,namely,the source and power of consciousness.On this basis,Fichte further deduced the second principle of positing of not-I and the limiting between I and Not-I as the third principle,the mutual limiting launched a interaction between infinite and limit.Strive and absolute reflection is the basis of this game,the structure of I will be exposed in absolute reflection."Chapter 2,Absolute and absolute knowledge."Different from the early philosophy,the late Fichte philosophy no longer makes self-consciousness as the highest principle,but further probes into its basis,that is the "esse in mero actu".As the Absolute,being is the foundation of self-consciousness,self-consciousness is absolute knowledge when it is related to the Absolute.With the self-consciousness and being as the key word,Fichte's Wissenschaftslehre establish a "two-layer ontology"-the theory of being and the phenomenology with self-consciousness as the core."Chapter 3,Origin and unfixated Ontology." Mou Zongsan's philosophical system is two-layer ontology,which includes of the unfixated ontology and the fixated ontology,it corresponds to the distinction between the level of consciousness and being as the origin.With this distinction,Mou Zongsan directly went to think being with intellectual intuition.Intellectual intuition in Mou Zongsan philosophy has three progressive forms corresponding to Taoism,Buddhism and Confucianism.The progressive development of the intellectual intuition is aimed to cover all beings and expose the dynamic creation itself.In the end,"the real moment between silence and affection" as a perfect form of intellectual intuition is not only as the Substance which is the integrality of all beings,but also as the spirit which is the genesis from origin."Chapter 4,Transition-deduction of the fixated Ontology."Relying on intellectual intuition,Mou Zongsan obtained the first principle of philosophy,then the fixated ontology could be established.The essence of the Spirit is to demonstrate and manifest the being,this process includes the "Wesung" and the "Erscheinen",Wesung is not Erscheinen.Just as Wesung,being has not yet come out to be beings,only through self-consciousness,being could be opened,from non-visible deep to the visible horizon.Self-consciousness is not rootless,it is the primal phenomenon of being by virtue of love and should.As the primal phenomenon,self-consciousness is not one of the modes of Spirit,but the existence which is projected and twisted by spirit.