Han The Voice System And Nanzi Research

Vietnam is a neighboring country in south of China. There is close communication and comprehensive contact between the two countries in the history. Vietnam is greatly affected by China from politics, economics and culture. Sino-Vietnamese and Chu Nom are the products in Language under this influence. There are three levels of Sino-Vietnamese:ancient Sino-Vietnamese, middle Sino-Vietnamese and modern Sino-Vietnamese. Middle Sino-Vietnamese is the most valuable and important part. Chu Nom is a kind of character created by Vietnamese for the purpose of recording Vietnamese based on Chinese character and Chinese word-formation method. Sino-Vietnamese and Chu Nom are of great value in the research of Chinese and the history of the phonology of Vietnamese.This essay has four chapters besides of preface and conclusion. The preface concerns mainly the reason, method and process of the research, then simply introduces the material. Additionally, the preface summarizes the present situation of the research of Sino-Vietnamese and Chu Nom, introduces the achievement and deficiency of the predecessors’study on Sino-Vietnamese and Chu Nom.Chapter one describes the phonology system of modern Vietnamese. We anew determine the phonetic value of some disputable initials and finals in terms of experimental phonetics. We also do a study of the tones of modern Vietnamese using experimental methods and determine the tone value of every tones.Chapter two does a study on the Sino-Vietnamese in the17th century. Firstly, we make an analysis of all sounds in Vietnamese-Portuguese-Latin Dictionary by Alexandre De Rhodes and outline the sketch of the phonology of Vietnamese in17th century. Secondly, based on the description of Simple Report on Dongkinh or Vietnamese, we determine the phonetic value of every initials and finals, the tone value of every tones, through the comparison among modern Vietnamese, the dialects of Vietnamese and ethnic languages. Finally, we investigate some phenomena of sound change of Vietnamese from the17th century to present.Chapter three does a comprehensive research on Chu Nom. Firstly, we make a discussion of the name and meaning of Chu Nom, the motivation, condition and time of its emergence, and some disputable problems. Secondly, we classify Chu Nom and do a quantitative study of it. Finally, we explore the phenomena of sound change on phonology system based on the material of Chu Nom.Chapter four makes a discussion of the problems on the research of the Sino-Vietnamese. Firstly, we introduce Sino-Vietnamese and its levels, the time when it reached Vietnam and its phonetic base. Secondly, we make a comparison between Sino-Vietnamese and the phonology of Guang Yun, find the corresponding relationship, and discuss some phenomenon of sound change in Sino-Vietnamese. Based on these, we find the exceptional sounds of Sino-Vietnamese, classify and make an explanation to them. Finally, we investigate the value of Sino-Vietnamese in the research of the phonology of old Chinese.The concluding part summarizes the main arguments of each chapter, points out the shortcomings and development space of the essay. In addition, when we read the related references, we found the scholars had some errors on characters because they may lack understandings of the phonetic and characters of Vietnamese. Based on this, we make an erratum at last to provide reference for academic circles.