Nanjing Urban Public Transportation Research Before Anti-japanese War (1907-1937)

It has been proved by history that public transportation is the most efficient traffic mode. Almost without exception, all countries give priority to the development of public transportation in their historical process. Before the war of resistance against Japan, public transportation industry in Nanjing developed like a raging fire, which eventually contributed a lot to the process of city urbanization. Accordingly, the essay works on the relevant theory and its practical significance.Chapter one briefly introduces the background information on city development before the birth of public traffic in Nanjing. From the aspects of city geography, politics, history and population, it looks into the fields of the city’s posts and telecommunications business, industry and finance industry, extending the horizon into the change of water and land transportation tool.Chapter two analyzes the management of the earliest transportation form---city railway. It introduces in detail the origin of the railway, followed by the organization and personnel, staff salaries and equipment management. What’s more, with introduction of historical materials concerning the traffic situation, ticket system, business development and business income and expenditure, the essay makes comparison between its business before and after Naming identified as the capital, so as to make clear the reasons of its running behind expenses later on.Chapter three researches on the operation of the bus industry. It summaries the external causes of its development---city road construction, followed by the introduction of operation situations of different bus companies. It makes a case analysis on the biggest commercial bus company in our country in1930s-Jiangnan. In this part, various challenges in front of the bus industry are listed(the bus and tram as an example) in order to reveal reasons of Jiangnan’s victory.Chapter four introduces the operation of other public transportation vehicle. In this part, it involves the analysis on historical materials of the taxi industry, vehicle and operating ticket system, of human car ticket system, vehicle, business, of the rickshaw pullers’work and life state, carriage industry, vehicles and operating ticket system, so as to reveal the diversification trend of public transportation industry.Chapter five elaborates the relationship between the public traffic and process of city urbanization. First, public transportation meets the demand of the population, equilibriums distribution of the population and stimulates flow of the population, which confirms the good interaction between the public traffic and city population. Second, with car donation from public transportation industry as the masterstroke, it makes sure that car donation made enormous contribution to the prewar Nanjing city finance income. Third, from the aspects of formulating traffic laws and regulations, strengthening management, strengthening personnel training and improving transportation equipment etc, it tries to prove that public traffic industry promoted city management. Fourth, enhancement of concept of time, promotion of city consciousness and improvement of the quality of life, showed that public transportation had changed the city life.In the end, the essay compares public transportation in Nanjing and the pre-war city bus industry at home, exploring the overall trend of the world and Nanjing’s local coordinate. It focuses on how fiercely different public transportation vehicles in Nanjing competed and worked on a final. It makes appropriate quantification for the influence on the process of city urbanization of the Nanjing city brought about by public traffic. End.