作诗宋南朝研究语

Poetry in Southern and Northern Dynasties means poetry of Song, Qi, Liang, Chen in Southern Dynasty, and poetry of Beiwei, Beiqi, Beizhou in Northern Dynasty, it includes the poems of each poets, ballads, sacrificial poems and so on. Lu Qinli’s Poetry in Pre-Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties has been the most fully contained collection of poems which before Tang Dynasty up till now, on this account our research is based on Mr. Lu’s work; and refers to the commentaries on Wen Xuan, collection of poems of Xie Lingyun, Bao Zhao and so on; it also refers to accomplishments of former researchers in this field.As a whole, poetry in Song of Southern Dynasty has both sacrificial poems which towards restraint and grace of style and ballads which towards vulgar, but also have poems which are not excluding spoken language, such as Bao Zhao’s poems, so poetry in Song of Southern Dynasty contains spoken language, new words and new meanings of the time, it can reflect the use situation of language in Song of Southern Dynasty. Therefore we take the poetry of Song as a sample to build a corpus, and make an exhausting statistics to monosyllabic words and polysyllabic words:1. There are17559monosyllabic words and8201polysyllabic words in the poetry of Song, compared with Shi Shuo Xin Yu, Song Shu, and Yan Shi Jia Xun, the proportion of disyllable in the poetry of Song is at the medium level.2. We use the first documentary evidence in Hanyu Da Cidian as a reference, then find out that monosyllabic words in the poetry of Song is dominated by archaic words, new words only occupy9.97%; but in polysyllabic words, the quantity of archaic words and new words is about the same, which occupy52.2%and47.8%respectively.3. The attribute-adjective construction is the most popular in the various types of polysyllabic words in the poetry of Song, this effect arises from good abilities of some productive morphemes, such as Qing, Su, Tian, Ren, You, You, and so on, these morphemes can produce plenty of new words.4. New meanings are chiefly produced by the ways of metonymy and extension of the meanings. Except using synonyms, analogical creations, abbreviations, varied usage of proverbs and allusions, there are some new phenomena in the ways of producing new words, such as Hai Bi, the reason of inverting word orders is just the need to be in rhyme.In the monosyllabic words of the poetry of Song, the verb has the highest ratio, so we select some verbs in poetry of Song as objects to do statistic analyze from both paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations, and try to observe these verbs’ developments in the poetry of Southern and Northern Dynasties.Explain words and phrases is an important constituent element in this paper, we try to use a variety of exegetical methods to explain a sequence of words in the poetry of Southern and Northern Dynasties, and hope that is conducive to study relative collation of ancient books and compiling lexicographical books.During building a corpus of the poetry of Song, we arrange these materials in detail again. So we find some unavoidable misses in Mr. Lu’s Poetry in Pre-Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties, such as erroneous collating texts, improper collating texts, mistakenly collected poems, repetitions and so on.