The Research Of Maoshan Zong Literature In Pre-Song Dynasty

This article, which takes Maoshan Zong literature as the main research object, comprehensively investigates this kind of literature by the time limit of the pre-Song dynasty. The article focuses on the literary creation of Maoshan excellent taoists, and it is divided into five parts according to the literary style:poetry, prose, parallel prose, essay and fiction. In this article, the ideological content, the cultural implication and the artistic features in the works of Maoshan Taoists are deeply and separately explored from the angle of literature and culture. Furthermore, the article can reveal the unique value for this special Taoist literature faction in the old Chinese literary history.This article consists of three parts, including introduction, main text and conclusion.The introduction summaries and discusses the recent situation for the research of Taoism literature, and it sorts and reviews the achievements in the research for Maoshan Zong literature. At the same time, it points out the significance of the research, and the methods, content and innovations for this article.The main text is divided into five chapters:Chapter One expounds the total situation of the faction feature and literary creation for Maoshan Zong in pre-Song dynasty, and their literary creation were introduced in detail. Firstly, this chapter sorts the the evolution history of Maoshan Zong in pre-Song dynasty. The article believes that the development of Maoshan Zong in pre-Song dynasty can be divided into three steps:the foundation in Xiao Liang period, the prosperity in Sui dynasty to the time before An Shi Rebellion, and the decline in the time after An Shi Rebellion to the Five dynasties. Then, the chapter points out the faction feature and the excellent Taoist quality of Maoshan Zong. Its meaning is the convent way of thinking of god and convent between man and woman, the comprehensive and open-minded faction awareness of doing not stick to one pattern, the excellent Taoist spirit of combining litterateur and scholar. This article continues to investigate the literary creation of Maoshan excellent taoists, and examine their lives, existing literary collections and works. In the end, it investigates the five ways that Maoshan excellent taoists get along with scholars, in order to explain that taoists and scholars have a good relationship and they are influenced by each other.Chapter Two discusses the poetry creation of Maoshan Zong in pre-Song dynasty. There are more than400poems of Maoshan Zong, whose themes and contents are various and abundant. This chapter studies the Maoshan Zong poetry in the background of the booming for poetry in the time of Liang dynasty, Chen dynasty, Sui dynasty and Tang dynasty. Seen from the ideological content, these poems are the direct reflections for the thoughts, feelings and life status of Maoshan Zong, and their content refer to every side of the society. These poems have the natural expression for the custom of ordinary people in ordinary world, have the infinite eager to the extraordinary and free life in outer world, have the repeated appreciation to the wonderful and colorful life in the world of god, also have the works that are limited by declaiming the religious rules and have obvious religious features. Seen from the style of art, Maoshan Zong poetry embodies the characteristic that is different from other poetry factions. This kind of characteristic is mainly showed in the delicate image, the group poems of various styles and preferences, and the clear or obscure language.Chapter Three analyses the prose and parallel prose of Maoshan Zong in pre-Song dynasty. Because the parallel prose usually uses the style of prose, so the discussion in this chapter is made up of the prose and parallel prose. In the side of the prose, this article investigates the prose works from Tao Hongjing and Wu Jun as the key works. Tao’s works reflect his ambition for convent, and are full of the smell of god and Taoist. Wu’s works can be divided into four types according to the themes:eager for hiding, anxiety about society, ambition by objects, and autobiography from himself. His works contains the Taoist literature ideas about the Confucians’thoughts for the country and the people, and the desire for back to the nature. What’s more, his works also give off the intense color of Taoist literature in the building of the image, the language expression, and the way of representation. In the side of the parallel prose, the article investigates the227parallel prose works created by Du Guangting, and analyses some Taoist religious activities such as praying, sacrificing and votive offering referred to his works. These activities reveal the social literary thoughts reflected by them. The literary quality of Du’s works is discussed from the four sides:bold imagination, way of emotion expression, method of representation, and rhetorical skills.Chapter Four investigates the essay of Maoshan Zong in pre-Song Dynasty by classifying it into preamble, inscription, memorial, letter and dairy. The preamble of Maoshan Zong is in the range of books, rich in content and has various forms. It uses a variety of methods for demonstrations and narrate and summarizes things simply. The inscription is for virtue and sorrow, including the palace temple of inscriptions on the altar, and inscriptions for priority to Taoist figures of tombstone. The memorial is for official affairs, like invitation, donation, appreciation and congratulation. It is the important reflection about the communication between the excellent Maoshan taoists and the government leaders. Besides them, the letter and dairy are for landscapes and travels with their own distinct features.Chapter Five focuses on the fiction of Maoshan Zong in pre-Song dynasty. The fiction of Maoshan Zong can be divided into three parts: biography, geography, and note. This chapter sorts the basic content and save situation or else of the fiction. It states in detail that there is the vulgar trend presented from Confucianism and Buddhism culture in the fiction, and it digs the meaning of social and cultural aesthetic. At the end of the chapter, it investigates the fiction of Maoshan Zong as the historical biography from these three sides of story structure, narration pattern and language style.The last part is conclusion. This chapter mainly discusses the influence of Maoshan Zong literature in pre-Song dynasty for later generations. It points out the great achievements of the excellent Maoshan taoists in poetry, prose, parallel prose, essay, fiction and other literary styles. Maoshan Zong literature has a deep effect on the contemporary and future generations, which makes it have a important position in the literary history of China.