Kang Yongqian Dynasties Of Yunnan Social Governance

Kangxi Dynasty began to govern Yunnan society since the destruction of South-Ming Dynasty when Yunnan joined into the Qing Empire. Yunnan society involved into chaos because Wu San-gui dominated Yunnan and revolted against the Qing Dynasty soon. Kangxi Dynasty took over Yunnan in troubled times and began to reconstruct the social order of Yunnan by the political, military, economic, cultural and educational measures. In the political field, Kangxi Dynasty inherited the administrative system of Ming Dynasty and installed the substantial preliminary administrative division. The following dynasties made a lot of adjustment and reform to administrative division and reset the registered permanent residence system and tax amount. In the political field, Kangxi Dynasty paid great attention to the development of Yunnan agriculture, the mining industry and the business. The frequent tax-free behavior still made people get recuperation although the tax of Yunnan was very heavy during Kangxi period. Promotion of culture and education was a very distinctive content in the social management of Yunnan which Kangxi Dynasty implemented, and it had a beneficial effect. The deployment of troops throughout Yunnan had played an important role to stabilize the society after the long war.Yongzheng Dynasty inherited and developed the social governance policies of Kangxi Dynasty, even reform the society. First of all, Yong Zheng Dynasty paid attention to the development of Yunnan agriculture in sympathy with the people’s livelihood. Yongzheng Dynasty reformed the Bao-Jia System and implemented it all over the Yunnan province. Qianlong dynasty made it perfect until the late Qing Dynasty little change happened. Thirdly, Yongzheng Dynasty developed Yunnan transportation considerably, especially on water transport development. Yongzheng Dynasty invested a lot of money to open the Yunnn-Guangxi Waterway, which failed to achieve the expected effect but reflected the efforts and determination of Yongzheng Dynasty. The most worth mentioning thing was the hereditary chieftaincy reform, which advanced the frontier and internal integration process and tremendous changes had happened to the society of Yunnan minority.Qianlong Dynasty inherited the social governance policies of Yongzheng Dynasty and made them more perfect. The social governance fields were more extensive and deep-going. Qianlong Dynasty continued to pay more attention to the agricultural development in order to solve the increasing population pressure in Yunnan. Because of the frequent occurrence of the natural disasters in Yunnan, Qianlong Dynasty thought that livelihood of the people was very important and provided much succor to the sufferers. According to the special circumstances of Yunnan, Qianlong Dynasty also reformed the discipline rules of the criminal cases, and took various measures to maintain the social order which reduced the occurrence of the cases. Yunnan was a frontier province, for the protection of society of Yunnan from invasion, Qianlong Dynasty repaired the city walls to ensure border stable, reduced the social unstable factors.The social management to Yunnan in Kangxi-Yongzheng-Qianlong period experienced a development process which was from rough to perfect and from macroscopic to microscopic. The later inherited the former policies, reformed and improved them, and then the Qianlong prosperity society appeared in Yunnan. The social management to Yunnan in Kangxi-Yongzheng-Qianlong period was not perfect, there were also some limitations and shortcomings, that was exactly the reason the accumulation of many social contradictions made Qing Dynasty in decline since Jiaqing period.