Tokugawa Curtain Francisco System Research

The Bakuhan system is a complex system of political, economic, social, ideological and cultural, which is the policy implemented by Tokugawa Ieyasu, inheritance, and improve the policy of Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi, after the Battle of Sekigahara joint military, establishment of the Edo shogunate, also known as the Tokugawa shogunate. Through the implementation of a set of strict regime, to achieve the unification of Japan, Edo period became important bridge connecting Japanese Middle Ages and Modern. That is significance important for revealing the success of Japan’s Meiji Restoration and Modernization, to grasp the Bakuhan system establishment and characteristics, to detailed understand the institutional development process, problem, exposed Bakuhan institutional breakdowns process.In this dissertation, the Bakuhan system as the research object, three periods are discussed. Factors of formation and characteristics of Bakuhan system in preliminary stage, the development of these elements and exposed problems that can not be solved in middle stage, domestic trouble and foreign invasion in the collapse and last stage. This dissertation includes three parts, the introduction, the theory and conclusion.The introduction part mainly explains the purpose, significance; introduces the domestic and foreign related research literature review, the research path and method and the innovations in this dissertation.The main body of this dissertation is divided into four chapters, the first chapter to the fourth chapter.The first chapter of "the establishment of elements of the Tokchon Bakuhan system", five aspects are presented:political, economic, cultural, social relations, foreign system. Firstly, in political, Bakuhan system adopted a Dual system of General centralization and the vassal state decentralization, and the spiritual authority of the emperor and the authority of the general force; secondly, in economics, The stone high system and years Kongmy system are adopted; thirdly, in social relationship, strict social classification are adopted:officer, agricultural, industrial and commercial, four people classification system,; fifth, in ideology and culture, Zhu Zi Philosophy are determined for the official learning;sixth, the foreign relations is the blockade of the coast and closed-door policy.The second chapter "The crisis faced by Tokugawa curtain clan system", from the political, economic, cultural, social relations, and foreign institutional analysis of the five problems exposed in the development process, respectively. In politically, authoritarian rule of the shogunate crisis,aspect is the shogunate fan in the country intensified conflicts, frequent outbreaks of peasant uprising, on the other hand, Southwest vassal state pose a threat to the authoritarian rule of the shogunate; in the economic commodity economy, especially the development of the commodity economy of farmers serious threat curtain vassal state system; in the social relations, four hierarchical order are gradually destroyed, samurai merchant and businessman warrior and subordinate samurai become ronin, farmers leave the land into Edo and rural, rich appeared phenomenon; in culture, Zhuism are challenge by ancient science, Ming Confucianism, Chinese culture, as well as Western learning and Bakumatsu ideological field changes occurred; in foreign relationship, institutional strong invasion of Western colonialists, the signing of a series of unequal treaties, make the total collapse of the lock state system.Third chapter,"the Tokugawa Bakuhan system to respond with the collapse", on the face of the problems exposed by the curtain han System, the shogunate first internal reform respond to that enjoy security reform, the wide positive reform and Mary Rose reform, but reform due to the conservative and conformist, self-contradictory reasons, ended in failure. On the other hand, a strong southwest vassal state joint subordinate samurai, for the vassal state base, active in the anti-veil movement from Zunwangrangyi Kimitake fit eventually developed into the reform movement of the back screen the Bakuhan system eventually crashed.The forth Chapter "the institutional interpretation on the Bakuhan system," from the meaning and substance of the Bakuhan system, the underlying causes, and Bakuhan system characteristics were analyzed and summarized,respectively.The conclusion describes the research presented in this article point of view.