| The wang family was a famous literary family in Shandong during Ming and Qing dynasties. It developed for more than three hundred years since it succeed in the imperial in Ming Dynasty, and had important position in political and social life of Shandong. Wang family experienced a transition from imperial to literary since Jiajing to Kangxi period, and Poetics influence expanded from a family to the whole country. This paper put the literature of Wang family as the research object. On one hand,for the overall research, this article analyzes the relationship between Wang and political, social and cultural environment, and the literature tradition of Wang family. On the other hand, this article analyzes the creation of Wang family members, in order to show the outlook of each member, reveal the internal law of Wang family’s literature development, and the relationship between the law and the literature development of Shandong in Ming and Qing dynasties.This paper is divided into two parts:The first volume and the second volume.The first volume generally researched the political environment, literature circle, cultural life and writings of Wang family, includes four chapters.Chapter I mainly discusses Wang family’s survival and development in the special political environment during Ming and Qing dynasties. Wang family rose in the middle of Ming Dynasty, and reached its peak in Wanli period. It talent withered during the war in dynasty change between Ming and Qing, and Revitalized again in the beginning of Qing Dynasty. This path of development had all kinds of connections with the political and social environment. In the political aspect, Wang family involved into factionalism in the late Ming Dynasty and change dynasties of Ming and Qing, it achieved its peak period on imperial while factionalism was getting more and more fierce. As a aristocratic family that had strong political forces, Wang family inevitably involved in factionalism. Wang Xiangming’s downgrade in the official assessment in 1616 and Wang Xiangchun’s communication with Donglin Party were the results of the complex political environment. Wang family effected the situation in change dynasties of Ming and Qing, and it Suffered three disasters:Xin Wei, Ren Wu, and Jia Shen, and the three disasters influenced its development, attitude,and culture. In the social and cultural aspects, Wang Yangming "Xinxue" contributed to the liberation of thought and formed a plural cultural pattern. Dong Lin School modified defects, debated with the radical factions of "Xinxue", and Prepared for the rise of the trend of "Xinxue" in early Qing dynasty. During this time, Wang Zhiyuan killed He Xinyin, Wang Zhidu, Wang Zhiyou and Wang Xiangchun were associated with Donglin scholars, all of this reflected the cultural attitude of Wang family. They pursued the Confucian tradition and was close to Donglin school in the academic culture orientation.Chapter II researches Wang family’s circle of friends, mainly focused on the level of literature. Wang family’s circle of friends can be divided into social communication and literature communication. The social communication embodied the Wang family’s political and social status, and influence on Wang’s literary communication. Wang family in Ming Dynasty had extensive communications, mainly in political life. The Zhong Qing Lu cataloged by Wang Xiangqian and Wang Xiangmeng collected more than 140 pepple’poems and prose, some of them were in powerful positions. It displayed the political and social impact of Wang’s circle of friends. The political and social status expanded the scope and level of Wang’s literature communication. Wang family’s literature communication included communication with other families and family members’ circle of friends. Wang family had close contaction with other literary families, such as Feng family from LinQu, Xing family from Linyi, Gao family and Bi family from Zichuan, Sun family and Zhao family from Boshan, Xu family from Xincheng, and Liu family from Changshan. They had interaction with Wang family in the cultural, educational, literary thought, and formed a clue of poetry development in Shandong area. Wang Shilu and Wang Shizhen had the most widely circle of friends in early Qing dynasty, they boarded the poetry circle together as "Two-Wang", and frequently hold responsory activities in Beijing and Yangzhou, through which they gradually get toward the center and prepared for the revitalization of Wang on the culture.Chapter III discusses Wang family’s family culture, familial inheritance, cultural life, and poetic tradition. Wang family constantly improved the construction of patriarchal clan in the process of the development. It regarded moral and reading as basic instructions, and considered Confucian ethics as the basic norm. At the same time, it was influence of Buddhism and Daoism, and formed a financed cultural tradition of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Wang family payed great attention to the imperial examination education and dabbled in literature, classics, Historiography, calligraphy and painting. The family members were diligent to write books and set up theories, and formed a rich and deep family tradition. Wang family’s specialties In literature and art were Infected by the beautiful natural environment and historic and cultural environment in Xincheng. The family members song and hold responsory activities in Jinqiu lake, Changbai mountain and family gardens, in this way, they launches the literary communications and completed inheritation of family style. Wang family had advantages in poetics, it was Influenced by the retro poetics in Ming Dynasty, and had a family character that close to nature, so it pursuited retro poetics and like the performance of landscape in poetry.Chapter IV is the textual research and thorough review on Wang family’s writings. The Wang’s had extensive writings, there were 24 members carried out more than 300 works in the five generation from Wang Chongguang to Wang Shizhen. This chapter combs and verifies the important members’writings to clarify the preservation and lost of their writings and display the deep cultural tradition.The second volume concrete analyses the creation and perception of representative members such as Wang Xiangchun, Wang Xianggen, Wang Yuwen, Wang Shilu and Wang Shizhen, through which to show their creative features and Sum the rules of Wang’s literature development.Chapter I researches Poetries of Wang Xiangchun, Wang Xiangming and Wang Yuwen, they were all influenced by the primitivism poetics in Ming Dynasty on the poetics thought and poetry creation. The first section is about Wang Xiangchun’s poetry. The formation of Wang Xiangchun’s poetic style was influenced by Shandong poetics and Wang’s family environment. Wang Zhiyou, his father, followed the classicist school, and Wang Xiangchun undertook Primitivism concepts,too. He also introspected primitivism poetics, and proposed to "reopen the poetry world". His creation was unique and learned from late Tang Dynasty. The second section is about Wang Xiangming’s poetry, he was in the doomsday and was sentimental in his character. Although his artistic talent was not as good as Wang Xiangchun’s, his poetry had stylistic similarities with Wang Xiangchun. The third section is about Wang Yuwen’s poetry. Wang Yuwen was profoundly influenced by Wang Xiangchun and had a deep communication with Xu Ye. He also learned from late Tang Dynasty, and liked to writ love poems. The three members of Wang family Inherited and reflected the primitivism poetics in Ming Dynasty, they composed a context of Wang’s poetic inheritation.Chapter II is Analysis of the poetries of Wang Xanggen, Wang Xiangjin and Wang Yuyin, who were different from Wang Xiangchun. Wang Xanggen had a famous reputation on his talent, but was not smooth in his official career. He built "Yuyuan" in Xincheng and placed his emotion in landscape. Although influenced by the revivalist, he also learned from the Mid and Late Tang Dynasty in his creations. He wrote pastoral interest mostly, and had the style of Wei Yingwu and Bai Juyi. Wang Xiangjin was generous and kind, he also like natural. His Landscape poems were quiet, elegant, and grand. His poems about feelings were peaceful and indifferent. Wang Yuyin lived in troubled times and self-sacrificed during the change between Ming and Qing, therefore his work is not much, and mostly described frontier knowledge when he was on the mission to Guanlong area. Some of his poems integrate into zen Buddhism thoughts, which made his work deep and distant. Wang Xanggen and Wang Xiangjin more influenced by their enthusiasm to landscape and composed the other context of Wang’s poetic inheritation.Chapter Ⅲanalyses concept creation and style of Wang Shilu, Wang Shixi and Wang Shihu, This chapter is divided into three sections. The first section discusses Wang Shilu’s early poetry approach, taking Lang Ya Er Zi Jin Shi He Xuan as example This collection of poems collected early works of Wang Shilu and Wang Shizhen when they initially ascends Poetry in Shunzhi period. Wang Shilu learned from Han, Wei, Tang, Dufu, and Xiang Lian, Reflected his eclectic approach in the early years. The second section sets Tao Yin Ji as an example to analyse Wang Shilu’s Poetics in his early days. In the comments of Yexian poets, Wang Shilu highly praised Dufu’s vigorous and Tang people’s ideal state. It is a summary of the Wang family’s tradition of poetic and also effected Wang Shizhen’s Poetics. The third section discusses Wang Shilu’s poetic conception and evolution though his experience and creation. Wang Shilu’s early path of poetic was wide and clarified when he was in Laizhou. He turned from Du Fu to Meng Haoran after he was released from prison in 1664, his poems became ranquil and had a style of his own. The fourth section discusses on Wang Shihu and Wang Shixi’s poetry. They both learned from the poet Wang Wei and Meng Haoran of the Tang Dynasty, and were effected by Wang Shilu.Chapter Ⅳ investigate the relationship between Wang Shizhen and the family poetics and regional poetics. Wang Shizhen’s achievement was the highest in his family. He inherited, summarized, and developed Wang’s poetry and Poetics of Shandong. His theory of poetry which was called "shenyun" led the trend of Kahgxi. Wang Shizhen was successed in shenyun theory, Du Fu’s Poetics, the poetry of the Song Dynasty, and phonology. He recorded family history, collected family works, and evaluated creative performance of family members. At the same time, Wang family’s poetic tradition also influenced him. Wang Xiangchun and Wang Yuwen had breakthrough in retro poetics, Wang Xianggen and Wang Xiangjin’s poem were tranquil and verve, all of them had built a good foundation for the development of Wang Shizhen’s poetics. He inherited and overstepped his family poetics under the guidance of Wang Shilu. Wang Shizhen’s poetics was also based on Shandong poetics in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. He studied and calculated Bian Gong and Li Panlong, respected Gu Dan Pai, and intends to collect, comment Shandong poetries. All these work promoted the development of Shandong Poetics in Qing Dynasty.Chapter V researches on Wang family’s CI, mainly focuses on the creation, concept and responsory activities of Ci. Wang’s achievement on CI was not as good as Poetry, and there fewer members who created Ci. Their concept and creation of Ci were effected by Hua Jian and Cao Tang that were popular during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Wang Xiangchun, Wang Yuwen, Wang Shilu and Wang Shizhen all represented love and lovesick in their creation of Ci, and style were graceful and restrained. Although Wang family’s achievement on Ci was not significant, they had great influence in the Ci responsory activities. Wang Shilu and Wang Shizhen conducted a series of activities such as "Hongqiao" and "Guangling" responsory, which positively promoted evolution of Style of Ci in early Qing Dynasty.The paper finally has two appendixes:Lineage and Chronicle of Wang family. |
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