Revolutionary Change And Contemporary Value Of Marx’s Outlook On Development From The Perspective Of Practical Theory

Development is not only the eternal theme of human society but also the important subject for the world and China nowadays. However, man’s development has not been going smoothly all the time, especially since the enlightenment. Under the guidance of the traditional outlook on development of super organic rationality, the phenomenon of “alienation” occurred in human society. Therefore, attention and reflection on development issues has become the philosophy, especially Marx’s philosophy which is a significant research subject in the contemporary era. This paper mainly interpret the essence of the development from practice—human’s existing ways, expounds the development dilemma caused by the traditional outlook on development and Marx’s revolutionary change towards the traditional outlook on development. Moreover, this paper elaborates the integrality, expansibility and value of Marx’s outlook on development from the perspective of practical theory, and reveal the development theme conversion realized by Marx’s outlook on development—from seeking for knowledge about social development beyond man to exploring the ideal socialist road which realizes people’s liberation and integrated development. Therefore, this paper provides powerful thinking resources for actively responding major development issues in the contemporary era, as well as establishing China’ outlook on development. With the purpose of achieving the above theoretic objectives, the discussion of this paper is divided into five parts:The first part discusses the necessity and feasibility of Marx’s outlook on development through research overview. This part reviews the evolvement logic of the outlook on development in modern times, summarizes the current status of domestic and foreign research on Marx’s outlook on development, demonstrates the theoretical perspective of practical theory, and studies the necessity and feasibility of Marx’s outlook on development integrally and historically. On this basis, the basic ideas, main viewpoints and basic concepts of this paper are expounded.The second part mainly elaborates Marx’s revolutionary change towards traditional outlook on development. In modern times, under the assumption of the essence of Super Organic Rationality, traditional outlook on development with pursuit of “social progress” as the main characteristic have built up a realistic prospect for modern industrial civilization, which is, however, accompanied by the unprecedented problem of survival and development faced by human beings. From the perspective of practice, Marx makes a dual critique of the thinking modes of Super Organic Rationality and its practical operation—capitalism, thus making development return to the world of reality in life from the abstract rational logic, so as to realize the revolutionary change of the practical-turn of outlook on development.The third part mainly elaborates Marx’s outlook on development from the perspective of practical theory. Marx understands the nature of development as human’s practice in the historical process, and deems that man, nature, society and history are an integral unity in the practice. Based on the nature of man’s practice, Marx forms a practical outlook on development, namely the holistic view of human society, the historical dialectical outlook on development of human society, and value views of man’s liberation and integrated development.The fourth part mainly elaborates the contemporary value of Marx’s outlook on development. Based on the theoretic dialogue between the theory contents and research methods of Marx’s outlook on development and the real needs in the contemporary social development, this part expounds the possibilities of contemporary value of Marx’s outlook on development. Through the critique, transcendence and reconstruction of modernity, Marx opens the various possibilities of modernization development road, providing theoretical support for China’s modernization development based on the practical exploration of multiple modernity.The fifth part mainly discusses the possibility of developing Marx’s outlook on development in the future. The study on Marx’s outlook on development also requires developing Marx’s outlook on development. On the one hand, this part discusses the intrinsic requirement of Marx’s practical thinking itself, namely reasonably treating the spatio-temporal transcendence and limitations of any theory, including Marx’s outlook on development; On the other hand, Marx’s outlook on development should be used in the future development, the Chinese people’s real development needs should be considered, and China’s development issues should be studied so as to build China’s own outlook on development which can keep pace with the times.