The Study On Tang’s Xizhou Grass-roots Society From The Interactive Perspective

The Tang dynasty cut off the kingdom of Qu-shi Gao-chang ((?)氏高昌) and set up the state of Xizhou (西州), not only issued the signal of ruling the western regions from the Tang dynasty, but also a mark that the Turpan (吐鲁番) entered a new historical period. Since then, political stability, economic prosperity, national fusion, culture diversity and the vast land of the early Tang dynasty all had a close relationship with it. But compared with researches on the various state system using the Turpan documents, the construction about the grass-roots society of Xizhou still shows a weak, which means we lack of the overall understanding about the social order of Xizhou.On the basis of predecessors’ research results, this article will make full use of the inherited documents, the Turpan documents, the Turpan Brick volunteers and related materials, try to introduce the theory of regional social history into the construction about the grass-roots society of Xizhou. At the same time, there is also a key which will help us to observe and understand the Xizhou society, from the point the surface, it is the interactive perspective. In short, we hope to break the pattern about any projects, which is relative static, and then provide a new ideas and a new paradigm for the social history of Xizhou and the Turpan Study.The social group is one of the starting points in this paper, which is always ignored by the academic circles. So we select three representative social groups of Xizhou state, the emerging civilians, women and dozens. In fact, these groups itself embodies in the different degree era and regional characteristics of Xizhou. The rise of emerging civilian group not only benefit from the kingdom of Qu-shi Gao-chang ((?)氏高昌) aristocratic society’s collapse, but also had a relationship with the geographical advantage as the local silk road station. At the same time, on macroscopic wars of Tang dynasty on the western regions destroyed the social order of Xizhou, and on microscopic it affect the marriage family life of women group in direct. In addition, to maintain the social stability, the Tang dynasty took a series of measures to strengthen the management of the Buddhism affairs, lead to the contraction of participate in social economic activities from the dozen group. The above characteristics on the social groups we reveal, not only fills in an important part of social group study, but also provide an indispensable research way in order to further examine and in-depth look at the Xizhou society.The ultimate goal of the group study is to realize the two-way attention between the group and society. There are complex and multiple interactive relationships between the social groups in Xizhou. On the interaction between officials and people, in general the local government has the aid of the level administrative staff to complete the management, folk people mainly through the formal system, rely on personal power, and make a dialogue with the official. At the same time, the Tang government wished to use Qin Lin-Bao institution (亲邻保制) to control the Xizhou society, but the effect was not ideal. In contrast, because of the immobilized format and having a relative legal binding, the contract becomes one of the effective media which keeps the benign interaction between Xizhou people, and then forms a wide penetration. In the opinion of the author, the Xizhou society is a diversified local society, in this local society people formed interwoven network of social relations for various reasons, mutual restrict, collaboration, thus establishing a good symbiosis and interactive relationship, and then formed a relatively orderly state.Of course, an orderly and benign society does not mean that there is no dispute. In fact, there were also many disputes, involving each aspect of the daily and production life about the inhabitants of Xizhou. Especially with the population continued growth in the limited geographical space, land resource has become the primary object people scramble, reflecting the main social contradiction of this period. Face to a large number of legal appeals, public, government and even the underworld idea resolve the disputes by the different ways. In conclusion, diversified means of the dispute solution and improve the dispute resolution mechanism not only make a lot of controversy to disappear, but also always maintained the Xizhou society in an ordered state and normal operation.