The Research Of The Movement Of Literary Popularization

The movement of literary popularization made important influence on the trend of the history of modern Chinese literature. For a long time,"literary popularization" was sparking as an abstract slogan. But what is "popularization"? As a campaign lasted for decades, what kind of process did it experienced? In different periods, what are the different understanding and pursuit of "popularization" for different writers? And as a direction, the problems with contradictions are brought when it is determined, which are rarely explored. This article’s purpose is going to clean up series of problems in the system.At the beginning of the May Fourth new literature movement,it showed certain plebification tendency and narrowed the distance between literature and mass. But the pioneers of the new literature movement, on advocating both the vernacular and "commoner’s literature", their purposes were from the standpoint of the human to make enlightenment on the mass, rather than to cater to the mass. With the transformation of the May Fourth new culture movement, the Populism gradually rised. The trend of worshiping mass began appearing in Intelligentsia, it provided cultural soil for the movement of literary popularization.The Populism ideas spawned concrete slogans-such as "sacred laborand"and "go to the folk".The slogans strengthened the psychology that young intellectual worshiped the mass and the desire of going to the folk; the slogans became two thought origins of the movement of literary popularization. Under the influence of "go to the folk", intelligentsia began discussing "democratic literature", and appeared the claim of literature democratized which exhibited a trend to accommodate the mass in a certain degree.In the "revolutionary literature" controversy, revolutionary literature advocates maintained the literature moving toward the mass, trying to get the mass consciousness and being the phonograph of the mass. Past studies had discussed this from various aspects, but they often ignored the key issues that they requested intellectuals to give up enlightenment position. Because of involving the key issues, Lu Xun began arguing with them and adhering to the enlightenment position unswervingly. He realized that there would not be a real mass voice in the case of no complete awakening of the mass; he knew that worshiping the mass and catering to the mass would have serious consequences for literature. Yu Dafu also made important influence on the movement of literary popularization in this period, and he kept awake and independent thinking in the revolution; in order to resist the growing movement of literary popularization, he founded Popular Literature which showed popularization literature of modern significance to the the literary arena from the standpoint of person. However, with Yu Dafu’s forcing to withdraw, Popular Literature was immediately changed. In the process, Lin Boxiu put forward the slogan of "literary popularization" first. After compiling Popular Literature, Tao Jingsun established editorial policy that is totally different from Yu Dafu’s. With the help of this platform, he organized a discussion on the problems of literary popularization; This discussion was an outcome which was undoubtedly facilitated by "revolutionary literature" disputes and transformation of Popular Literature.Discussion inside the league of left-wing writers further deepened the movement of literary popularization. After leaded by Qu Qiubai, the league of left-wing writers began paying attention to the issues of literary popularization. Based on the publishment of "November" resolution in1931, the league of left-wing writers made in-depth discussion on the problem of literary popularization. On the premise of denying the May Fourth new literature, Qu Qiubai advocated literary popularization and became the mainstream of internal discussion of the league of left-wing writers; however, on the premise of confirming the May Fourth new literature, Feng Xuefeng advocated literary popularization, and there were a lot of followers. The discourse of mass was a free discussion which had taken place in public opinion space in Shanghai, and it was caused by a trend of "back to the ancients" in culture; it provided the conditions for the sustainable development of the movement of literary popularization, and its original purpose was protecting the vernacular Chinese. The discourse of mass appeared as an attitude of revolution, but it resulted in a kind of negative power to the vernacular Chinese, and made the vernacular Chinese be attacked front and rear; in the discussion, Lu Xun pointed out that advocating the discourse of mass would not become "new quintessence" and "mass toady".After the breaking out of the Anti-Japanese War, the field of literature and art rallyed under the banner of national consciousness. The movement of literary popularization had a full impact on the field of literature and art, and became the fundamental principle of Anti-Japanese War literature movement. Using the old form had become the focus of literature during the early Anti-Japanese War. About the discussion on national form issues, it was payed more attention to the background of Yan’an in the past. But in fact there was another important background, that was general mobilization of national spirit, under this background of ideology, the discussion of national form problem took place. The discussion first occurred in the liberated areas, and then spread to the Kuomintang-rulled areas; with the deepening of the discussion, the central issue of the national form became the focus of discussion; From the discussion of the national form to the attention of folk form, further upgrade of the movement of literary popularization pushed literature to the folk and the mass. The birth of the speech on literature and art forum in Yan’an established a ripe shape for the movement of literary popularization, and became the target of the rectification movement of literature and art in Yan’an, thus forming the literary norms in Yan’an; at the request of the literary norms, intellectuals began to conduct a comprehensive reform, combined with the mass of workers, famers and soldiers, became consistent with the mass of workers, famers and soldiers, and thoroughly subverted the intellectuals and the mass’s relationship constructed by the May Fourth period.The movement of literary popularization led to disintegration of the spirit of the May Fourth enlightenment, and made the intellectuals step on the stray of thought reform finally; the movement of literary popularization was a process of civil identity and returning to the old traditional culture, and it resulted in the loss of the new literature modernity. Making further study of the movement of literary popularization and taking history as a mirror can alert the repeating of a tragedy.