Research On The Transition Of Nanking Citizen’Life Order Around The Nanking Massacre (1937.7-1938.4)

After the Lukouchiao Incident, the Japanese troops started a war in Shanghai soon. On August 15,1937, the Japanese troops began to bomb Nanking. Then the Nanking citizen’life order changed from normal life order to defensive period life order. On December 13, Nanking city was captured by Japanese troops and then massacre raged through the city. From this time forth,the Nanking citizen began the vacant period life order(the life order under no public authority). On January 1, 1938, a puppet regime’Nanking Autonomous Administration’was established under the control of Japanese troops, and then the vacant period life order was over. Although the public security situation in Nanking city was improving step by step, because of the Japanese soldiers’atrocities were continuing, Nanking citizen could only live in a transitional period life order. So in late January to early February,1938, the Japanese government concepted to replace the senior generals of Central China front army. In the middle of February,1938, General Iwane Matsui was translated to Japan, General Shunroku Hata took over the commander of Central China front army, he began to restore the social order and promote the Nanking refugees to go home and get gown to establish a colonial’normal’life order. Under Shunroku Hata’work, the Weixin government of Republic of China was established on March 28 under the control of Japanese troops, and the Supervise Nanking Municipal Bureau was established on April 24,1938. These two organizations help to stabilize the city order largely, then the overwhelming majority of refugees went back to their respective homes except for some homeless and helpless people.The transition process of the citizen’life order was very complicated:There were concern about four space layer of Nanking city:outer urban(outside walls), middle urban(from walls to safety zone), inner city(safety zone), city mall(asylums for refugees). There were five groups interacted:Chinese government, European & American foreign nationals, European & American embassy, Japanese soldiers, Nanking citizen. There were some great events that effected the overall situation:The migrating westward of Nanking National Government, the establishment of International Safety Zone committee, the "panay" event, the Japanese troops’negation of the design project by International Safety Zone committee, the Allyson incident,the Japanese troops’action that extensively dismissed and replaced senior generals of Central China front army and the establishment of the puppet Weixin government of Republic of China.After went through a cycle, the Nanjing citizen went into a ’normal’Colonial life order. From one normal life order to another ’normal’life order, it seemed that the Nanking city was back to square one, but the political ecology had changed much. Nanking just recovered from a severe devastation and would never recovered its former power. This thesis try to analyze the transition of Nanking Citizen’ life order combined with the progress of the war from macroscopic perspective, to represent the Nanking citizen’ real life around the Nanking Massacre. And on that basis, delve into some topics that had greatly effected the Nanking citizen’ life order, such as the information transfer, the security administration, the housing support, the water and electricity facilities, the transportation, the market transaction and the Medical relief, etc.