Research On The Provincial Governors’ Cognition About Yunnan Provincial Situation And State Governance In The Late Qing Dynasty

This dissertation covers 116 years’ history of Yunnan province in the late Qing Dynasty, which regards the Provincial governors’ cognition about Yunnan provincial situation and the implementation of state governance in feudal China as its research object. It is a continuous research on the two issues over a long time.The main contents of the dissertation include two parts. First, as for the provincial governors in feudal China, they were discussed how to recognize and review Yunnan’s mountains and rivers situation, folk customs, the atmosphere of local authorities, social contradictions, ethnic relations, national defense and so on. Second, based on their above-mentioned cognition, how the provincial governors managed to form the thought on the state governance, formulate management policies, construct the system of administration, carry their ideas into pratice, and the effectiveness of governance were all interpreted.The dissertation is divided into six chapters. The opening chapter analyzes a rare book called Dian sheng yu di tu shuo written by Bo Lin during the rule of Jiaqing Emperor and argues the working conditions and characteristics of Provincial governor in feudal China in late Qing Dynasty. The second chapter and the third chapter discuss the crisis of governance rule in Yunnan by the Qing adminstration, the most serious situation of the Western part of Yunnan, an area of bloodshed between the Han and Hui and anti-official armed events continued to outbreak. Three governors of Yunnan and Guizhou, He Changling, Li Xingyuan and Lin Zexu, proposed thought of government, policy, strategy, governance practices and the effectiveness of the evaluation. The fourth chapter interprets the Yunnan outbreak of social conflicts, From the Qing Dynasty central to local governors governance activities, both sides of the military geography situation, and after both central and local level interaction, Yunnan Provincial governor in feudal China Cen Yuying by "first East second West" strategic military repression Du Wenxiu uprising. Chapter five discuss how the Yunnan frontier order was restored in Guangxu early period.In the British and French invasion threat, the frontier crisis appeared, new geopolitical pattern prompted the transformation of the mode of national governance. The sixth chapter make a reaseach on the modern transformation of the new deal and held in Yunnan and Yunnan 1911 Revolution examined the Yunnan governance model.In this paper, the author considers that through the phase based representation of the history, Yunnan Provincial governor in feudal China represented State Governance was important causes of Yunnan historical evolution process during late Qing Dynasty. Provincial governor in feudal China was on behalf of the central government in place and responsible for the management of local. Provincial governor in feudal China was on behalf of the central government governance frontier. The administration was the embodiment of national administrative power. Central Dynasty national governance policies are correct, whether to conform to the actual place, their implementation of national governance is comprehensive, accurate and powerful, how effective will be outside of characterized as a disorder in Yunnan, rise and fall of the economy, territory safety, etc. would also political life of their transport fluctuation and evaluation have a decisive impact. Their cognition of Yunnan province was the premise and foundation of governance. In late Qing Dynasty, Yunnan provincial governors in feudal China were all mainlanders, according to the assignment evasion system by the central dynasty from other provinces transferred to Yunnan, of Yunnan geographic environment complexity, ethnic diversity, cultural diversity and serious frontier problems had experienced a process of cognition. Their awareness of Yunnan Province, reflected on the thorny issue of economic operation, ethnic conflicts, social problems, border crisis, was the major challenges faced by the local administration. Their cognition of the situation in Yunnan Province was the key factor to determine the final outcome of state governance.