The Spatio-temporal Patterns And Geographical Imagination Of Ethnic Groups In The Southwest Of China, Among Qin And Han Dynasties

This thesis pays close attention to the objective and imaginative spatio-temporal patterns of groups in the southwest of China, Pre-Qin to Han Dynasties, and concerns the snarls between objective pattern and imaginative pattern.To grasp a stronger objective pattern of groups during that time is difficult,but a more detail conclusion is possible for a lot of historical materials(mainly from Shih Chi[史记],Han Shu[汉书],The Second Han Shu[后汉书])have been dealt with by the others authors in the past decades,and a lot of archaeological materials since1940s to 2015 is could be used to support,and revise else well,a new and more detail pattern.The variation of geographical pattern of groups during that time is mainly driven by the development of indigenous groups and the insertion of Han ethnic since the later Zhou dynasty.Both of indigenous groups and Han ethnic are showed by maps concerning the later Zhou and the later Han dynasty.The first part of this thesis deals with indigenous groups.For indigenous groups,groups in the ancient Shu(蜀)kingdom,groups at the southwest of the Shu(including the Tsing-yi[�'衣],the Sou[叟],Qiang groups[羌],the Ran-mang[冉駹],the Mao-niu[旄牛],the Xi[徙]or the Si-yu[斯榆]maybe,the Qiao-du[邛都],the Zha-du[莋都],the Bo[僰人],the Yu-sui[or Yu-xi,越巂],the Dan[丹],and the Li[犁],and maybe more than that),the Xiang(襄人),the groups in the ancient Ba(巴)kingdom(including the Binjun[廪君蛮],the Ban-dun[板楯蛮],the Man-zi[蔓子],the Wu[巫蛮],the Pai-pu[百濮],the Qun[麇人],the Chou[鯈],the Yu[鱼],the Gong[共],the Nu or Lu[奴or卢],the Rang[獽],the Yan[�']and so on),the Yong(庸人),the groups in the Yelang[夜郎]kingdom(more than twenty group),the groups in the Dian(滇)kingdom,the groups in the Ai-lao kingdom,the groups called Kunming,and other groups we know little about are drawn by historical and archaeological materials.The second part discusses the spatial pattern of Han ethnic in the Southwest China in Qin and Han Dynastie.Based on the distribution and numbers of the prominent families and notables in the―Chronicles of Huayang‖(《华阳国志》),the distribution and numbers of the brick-chambered tomb and cliff tomb in the Southwest China in Qin and Han Dynasties,the first section of this part(chapter 2)discusses the prominent families and notables in the―Chronicles of Huayang‖are belong to the Han ethnic,and the brick-chambered tomb and cliff tomb are the remains of Han ethnic in Qin and Han dynasties.In the second section of chapter 2,this paper makes a scattergram,based on those materials,to describe the spatial pattern of Han ethnic,and divides the distribution of Han ethnic in Qin and Han dynasties into three types:dense area,dispersive area and fragmentary area;a dense area is where full of huge numbers of prominent families,notables,brick-chambered tomb and cliff tomb continuously;a dispersive area is where distributes a certain amount of prominent families,notables,brick-chambered tomb and cliff tomb within a certain distance;a fragmentary area is where within few prominent families,notables,brick-chambered tomb and cliff tomb.In order to make a more precise inference,variations of numbers among brick-chambered tomb,cliff tomb(these two are correspond to the Han ethnic),pit tomb(earthen and stone),massive stone tomb and sarcophagus tomb(these three are correspond to the Yi[夷]ethnics)between the Earlier Han and Later Han are presented in the attached maps too.A comprehensive pattern of―Han and?Yi‘(汉夷)‖in the southwest of China in Qin-Han period is showed in the third section of chapter 2.Based on the space-time pattern of those materials in the first section,this chapter concludes,if we consider the administrative division of―Chronicles of Huayang‖as the analyze scale,and regards the end of Han dynasty as the final time surface,that:(1)the main area of Han including provinces of Shu(蜀),Qianwei(犍为),Guanghan(广汉),Baxi(巴西),Zitong(梓潼),Hanzhong(汉中),and area along the Yangtze River of provinces of Jiangyang(江阳),Ba(巴西)and Badong(巴东),and Han in part of these provinces have taken a high proportion;(2)provinces of Weixing(魏兴),Shangyoung(上庸),Xingcheng(新城),Dangqu(宕渠),Zhuti(朱提),Pingyi(平夷),Pingle(平乐),Jianning(建宁),Jinning(晋宁)and Yalang(夜郎)are the mixed area of Han and?Yi‘;(3)the remainder provinces in RHK are mainly the distribution of?Yi‘.All those situations are presented by a map in this paper.The third part devotes to the spatial pattern of geographical imagination(or ―ideas‖ in Chinese contexts) of groups. The materials in this section are mainly from the Chronicles of Huayang, a classic on history and geography of Qin and Han dynasties(partly Jin dynasty) draws its pieces by administrative division; materials from Shih Chi, Han Shu, The Second Han Shu, for parts missed in the ―Chronicles of Huayang‖, are also effective. Based on three constructive discussion of spatial pattern of geographical imagination on ethnics, culture and environment, this paper concludes that, the geographical imagination of geographical imagination on the ethnics in the southwest China in Qin and Han dynasties could be divided into four types: more literati and more rice field area; few literati and few rice field area; neither literati nor rice field area; more witchcraft, severe environment or within monsters area. All these types are made into an attached map. Beyond that, the geographical imagination of ethnics in Qin and Han dynasties are not neutral at all, but impressed the cultural, political and geopolitical factors.Finely, this thesis centers on the twisted relation between the objective and imaginative spatio-temporal patterns, and concludes that they are twisted by each other in various phases, and imaginative geographies will enrich our knowing about our histories.